Polymerization of linear aliphatic diamine-based benzoxazine resins under inert and oxidative environments

Allen, Douglas J.; Ishida, Hatsuo

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2007.09.003

Cited by 113 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…As depicted in Fig. 4a, the spectra of PR and PS@PR feature a broad band at 3450 cm À 1 arising from the vibrational stretching of the OH groups [47,50,51]. The vibrational stretching peaks of the aromatic ether appeared at -1103 and 1232 cm À 1 , which were characteristic for PR but were not observed for PS.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Design a novel kind of open-ended carbon sphere for a highly effective counter electrode catalyst in dye-sensitized solar cells

Lin

Guo

et al. 2015

Nano Energy

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Design a novel kind of open-ended carbon sphere for a highly effective counter electrode catalyst in dye-sensitized solar cells

Lin

Guo

et al. 2015

Nano Energy

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“…The presence of oligomers or other impurities has been reported to affect the thermal properties of the polybenzoxazines. 30 A systematic structure−property analysis is discussed in this paper by synthesizing a series of spiro-centered benzoxazine monomers using spirobiindane/spirobischroman diol, various mono amines such as aniline, p-toluidine, and 2-(4-aminophenyl)ethanol and paraformaldehyde as shown in Scheme 1.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Properties of Spiro-Centered Benzoxazines

Azechi

Endō

2015

Macromolecules

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A series of thermally stable spiro-centered bis(benzoxazine) monomers (BPSPI/SPBC-Bz)s was synthesized using spirobiindane/spirobischroman phenol, different amines (aniline, p-toluidine, and 2-(4-aminophenyl)ethanol) and paraformaldehyde and was characterized by FT-IR, 1 H and 13 C NMR, and elemental analysis. The effect of incorporation of two different types of spiro-center on polymerization temperature of benzoxazine and thermal stability of resulting polymers was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The curing occurred at high temperatures in both BPSPI-Bzs and SPBC-Bzs (275°C), which lowered by incorporating hydroxyl group (250°C) at the end. Spirobiindane based polybenzoxazines showed higher thermal stability with T g in the range of 295−354°C, initial degradation temperature at 10% weight loss at 397−405°C and char yield of 37−42% at 600°C compared to spirobischroman polybenzoxazines.

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“…bisphenol-A, Scheme 1) and monofunctional primary amines -a design strategy that provides thermosets with high T g and high thermal stability, but also imparts brittleness that plaques conventional thermosets. Alternatively, Ishida and Allen [35][36][37] have shown that the inherent flexibility of pBZs can be greatly improved via monomer design, where benzoxazines based on a series of bifunctional aliphatic amine core molecules with monofunctional phenol pendent groups produced materials with improved flexural properties. Furthermore, these aliphatic BZ monomers could be processed into thin films via solvent-free processing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible aliphatic-bridged bisphenol-based polybenzoxazines

et al. 2012

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In this paper, we report the synthesis of a series of novel aliphatic-bridged bisphenol-based benzoxazine monomers comprising four to ten methylene unit spacers (BZ(n)BA). Cationic ring-opening polymerization of these monomers provides flexible polybenzoxazine thermosets with good film forming characteristics under solvent-free processing conditions. The effects of aliphatic bisphenol chain length on polymerization behavior, thermomechanical transitions, and mechanical properties of the polybenzoxazine thermosets are reported. Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) show the ring-opening polymerization proceeds to high conversion with minimal dependence on spacer chain length. Thermomechanical properties of the pBZ(n)BA thermosets, such as rubbery storage modulus and glass transition temperature (T g ), show a strong dependence on the length of the aliphatic-bridged bisphenol linker where both properties decrease with increasing linker length. In particular, changing the length of the aliphatic-bridged bisphenol linker enables tailoring the T g of the pBZ(n)BA series from 67 C to 101 C, as determined by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Tensile properties of the pBZ(n)BA series exhibit similar trends with Young's modulus decreasing and elongation at break increasing with increasing aliphatic-bridged bisphenol linker length. The pBZ(n)BA materials all show a similar three mode degradation process by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) consistent with other bisphenol based polybenzoxazines, and additionally exhibit a decrease in char yield with increasing aliphatic chain length owing to a decrease in aromatic content in the thermoset network.

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Polymerization of linear aliphatic diamine-based benzoxazine resins under inert and oxidative environments

Cited by 113 publications

References 24 publications

Design a novel kind of open-ended carbon sphere for a highly effective counter electrode catalyst in dye-sensitized solar cells

Design a novel kind of open-ended carbon sphere for a highly effective counter electrode catalyst in dye-sensitized solar cells

Synthesis and Properties of Spiro-Centered Benzoxazines

Flexible aliphatic-bridged bisphenol-based polybenzoxazines

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