Polymerization of low molecular weight hydrogelators to form electrochromic polymers

Abstract

We present a method for the polymerization of low molecular weight hydrogelators to form polymers with unique structures. Carbazole-protected amino acids are shown to form hydrogels by self-assembly into fibrous structures. We show that is possible to directly electropolymerize the hydrogels. This results in the formation of microporous electrochromic polymers with distinctive structure. Polymers formed from the same gelator without the pregelation step show more compact structures. This method opens the possibility of creating polymers templated from pre-assembled gels that have the potential to be used in a wide range of applications.

Localized Supramolecular Peptide Self‐Assembly Directed by Enzyme‐Induced Proton Gradients

“…In 2010, Cameron's group described the surface‐induced self‐assembly of Fmoc protected dipeptides leading to the growth of a supramolecular hydrogel resulting in a dense fiber network . Carbazole‐protected amino acids have also been investigated for their spatially resolved self‐assembly on electrode surfaces . Using patterned electrodes, Payne demonstrated the specific control in space and time of the self‐assembly of Fmoc protected phenylalanine by localized application of an electrical signal during a precise duration .…”

Oberflächenunterstützte Selbstorganisationsstrategien für supramolekulare Hydrogele

“…Ein elektrochemisches Absenken des pH ausgehend von einer Oberfläche ermöglichte auch die räumlich aufgelöste Selbstorganisation von Carbazol‐geschützten Aminosäuren . Durch Carbazolgruppen geschütztes Alanin (Carb‐Ala) führte zu faserförmigen Strukturen, die in einem zweiten Schritt elektropolymerisiert werden konnten; die interne selbstorganisierte Architektur des Hydrogels spielte die Rolle des Templats.…”

“…Payne verwendete Fmoc‐geschütztes Phenylalanin, Fmoc‐F‐OH (Abbildung a), für die elektrochemische LMWH‐Selbstorganisation, um dabei die Reversibilität des Assemblierungs/Deassemblierungs‐Prozesses eines Hydrogelators zu untersuchen. Ähnlich wie bei Camerons System wurde die Selbstorganisation von Fmoc‐F‐OH durch die elektrochemische Erzeugung von Protonen lokal initiiert …”

Redox‐Active Peptide‐Functionalized Quinquethiophene‐Based Electrochromic π‐Gel

“…Av ariety of biomolecules such as peptides, [1,2] carbohydrates, [3][4][5] nucleobases [6,7] and nucleotides [8] haveb eenf unctionalized with semiconducting organic p-conjugated systemf or the synthesis of self-assembledn anostructuresw hichh ave beenu sedi nt he developmento fs upramolecular electronics. [9][10][11][12][13] Oligothiophene, [14][15][16][17][18] oligo(p-phenylenevinylene)( OPV), [19,20] diacetylene (DA), [21] benzo[ghi]perylenem onoimide (BPI), [22] naphthalened iimide (NDI) [23] andp erylened iimide (PDI) [24][25][26] have been conjugatedw ithv arious peptidem otifs. Ubiquitously, the main objectivei st oa ssemble p-conjugated units into ah ighly-ordered superstructure fore ffective charge-carrier mobility.…”