"Amplified" electron transfer is observed purely based on electron transfer kinetic effects at modified carbon surfaces. An anodic attachment methodology is employed to modify the surface of glassy carbon or boron doped diamond electrodes with poly-ethylene glycols (PEGs) for polymerisation degrees of n = 4.5 to 9.1 (PEG200 to PEG400). Voltammetry and impedance data for aqueous Fe(CN)6(3-/4-) suggest systematic PEG structure-dependent effects on the standard rate constant for heterogeneous electron transfer as a function of PEG deposition conditions and average polymer chain length. Tunnel distance coefficients are polymerisation degree dependent and estimated for shorter PEG chains, β = 0.17 Å(-1) for aqueous Fe(CN)6(3-/4-), consistent with a diffuse water-PEG interface. In contrast, electron transfer to 1,1'-ferrocene-dimethanol (at 1 mM concentration) appears un-impeded by PEG grafts. Mediated or "amplified" electron transfer to Fe(CN)6(3-/4-) based on the 1,1'-ferrocene-dimethanol redox shuttle is observed for both oxidation and reduction with estimated bimolecular rate constants for homogeneous electron transfer of kforward = 4 × 10(5) mol dm(3) s(-1) and kbackward = 1 × 10(5) mol dm(3) s(-1). Digital simulation analysis suggests an additional resistive component within the PEG graft double layer.

We present a method for the polymerization of low molecular weight hydrogelators to form polymers with unique structures. Carbazole-protected amino acids are shown to form hydrogels by self-assembly into fibrous structures. We show that is possible to directly electropolymerize the hydrogels. This results in the formation of microporous electrochromic polymers with distinctive structure. Polymers formed from the same gelator without the pregelation step show more compact structures. This method opens the possibility of creating polymers templated from pre-assembled gels that have the potential to be used in a wide range of applications.

 A convenient one-step synthesis of nano-platinum is suggested based on PEG solution thermolysis  Stable nano-fibrous platinum n ITO is formed and characterised in 0.5 M H2SO4  Effective methanol oxidation electrocatalysis is demonstrated with catalyst activity comparable to other nano-platinum materials

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Covalently grafted KolliphorEL (a poly(ethylene glycol)-based transporter molecule for hydrophobic water-insoluble drugs; MW, ca. 2486; diameter, ca. 3 nm) at the surface of a glassy-carbon electrode strongly affects the rate of electron transfer for aqueous redox systems such as Fe(CN)6(3-/4-). XPS data confirm monolayer grafting after electrochemical anodization in pure KolliphorEL. On the basis of voltammetry and impedance measurements, the charge transfer process for the Fe(CN)6(3-/4-) probe molecule is completely blocked after KolliphorEL grafting and in the absence of a "guest". However, in the presence of low concentrations of suitable ferrocene derivatives as guests, mediated electron transfer across the monolayer via a shuttle mechanism is observed. The resulting amplification of the ferrocene electroanalytical signal is investigated systematically and compared for five ferrocene derivatives. The low-concentration electron shuttle efficiency decreases in the following sequence: (dimethylaminomethyl)ferrocene > n-butyl ferrocene > ferrocene dimethanol > ferroceneacetonitrile > ferroceneacetic acid.