Polymers for cell/tissue anti-adhesion

Simple Nanodroplet Templating of Functional Surfaces with Tailored Wettability and Microstructures

“…PEG has been widely used to treat PMMA surfaces to promote cell adhesion and minimize nonspecific adsorption. [36,[43][44][45] The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results in Figure 3c onfirm that hydrophilic PEG chains have been successfully grafted onto the PMMA surface. The survey spectra of unmodified PMMA,P EG, and PMMA-g-PEG in Figure 3a indicatet he presence of oxygen and carbon.…”

Co‐micellized Pluronic mixture with thermo‐sensitivity and residence stability as an injectable tissue adhesion barrier hydrogel

“…However, the leakage from incisions, edema formation, and allergic response (by cornstarch) in some patients was curtained in its clinical uses . The high viscous aqueous solutions [hyaluronic acid (HA) solution (Sepracoat, Genzyme, Cambridge, MA), HA/carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) solution (Sepragel, Genzyme and Guardix‐SL, Genewel, Republic of Korea), PEG/CMC solution (Oxiplex, FzioMed, San Luis Obispo, CA and Intercoat, Ethicon), and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/CMC solution (A‐part Gel, B. Braun, Germany)], which can improve residence time on the defect site and thus reduce the apply volume compared to the low viscous one, were also applied for human. However, their effectiveness to prevent tissue adhesion is still controversial because of their dilution by body fluid which may lead to the rapid absorption in the body and/or flowing away from target region.…”

“…However, their effectiveness to prevent tissue adhesion is still controversial because of their dilution by body fluid which may lead to the rapid absorption in the body and/or flowing away from target region. Recently, the use of crosslinked hydrogels [esterified (auto crosslinked) HA (ACP gel, Fidia Advanced Biopolymers, Italy) or ferric HA (Lubricoat, Ethicon and Intergel, Lifecore, Chaska, MN)] or in situ gel forming hydrogels [PEG precursors with reactive end groups (SprayGel, Confluent Surgical, Waltham, MA and Coseal, Baxter) or chemically modified HA and PEG system (Carbylan‐SX, Carbylan Biosurgery, Palo Alto, CA)] have been accepted as a promising strategy to the prolonged residence time of the tissue adhesion barriers on the applied site. However, the potential toxicity caused by the crosslinking agent (that is, ferric ion) and chemically modified polymers continue as a pending question for their wide application in clinical practices.…”

“…Moreover, ease of handling for surgeons in surgeries, biodegradability to avoid secondary operation to remove the barrier, and biocompatibility are also suggested as additional requirements . To fulfill these requirements, various tissue adhesion barriers with different shapes and functions, such as film/sheet type, aqueous solution/hydrogel type, and powder type, have been developed and adapted in clinical setting . Among them, the aqueous solution/hydrogel type barriers (that is, viscous aqueous solution, crosslinked hydrogel, or in situ gel‐forming hydrogel), which can easily be employed on almost all tissues/organs by direct injection, coating, or spraying even in laparoscopic surgeries, are gained increasing interest in clinical fields.…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5] Although the bleeding, inflammation, ischemia, dehydration, thermal/chemical injury, or foreign bodies (sutures, glove powder, and so forth) on the defect are well-established as key factors for the excessive gathering of abnormal cells leading to tissue adhesion, [6][7][8] undesirable results continue to be a challenge in clinical practices. 9 Main complications with respect to major organs from the tissue adhesions are as follows: abdomen-digestive disorders, chronic abdominal pain, intestinal obstruction, and infertility; [10][11][12] heartdamage to the heart itself and severe injury of blood vessel during reoperation to remove the abnormal adhesions; 13,14 spinal nerve roots-recurrent pain; 15 thyroid-laryngeal nerve injury and hypoparathyroidism; 16 ear-hearing loss and tympanic membrane retraction; 17 eye-motility disorders of eye. 18 Precise surgical procedure (e.g., trauma minimization, avoidance of dehydration of tissues, prevention of infection, and so forth) is considered a first prophylaxis for tissue adhesion.…”