Polymers in Technologies of Additive and Inkjet Printing of Dosage Formulations

Abstract

Technologies for obtaining dosage formulations (DF) for personalized therapy are currently being developed in the field of inkjet (2D) and 3D printing, which allows for the creation of DF using various methods, depending on the properties of pharmaceutical substances and the desired therapeutic effect. By combining these types of printing with smart polymers and special technological approaches, so-called 4D printed dosage formulations are obtained. This article discusses the main technological aspects and used excipients of a polymeric nature for obtaining 2D, 3D, 4D printed dosage formulations. Based on the literature data, the most widely used polymers, their properties, and application features are determined, and the technological characteristics of inkjet and additive 3D printing are shown. Conclusions are drawn about the key areas of development and the difficulties that arise in the search and implementation in the production of new materials and technologies for obtaining those dosage formulations.

3D Printing of Green and Renewable Polymeric Materials: Toward Greener Additive Manufacturing

“…As with other methods, PLA is perhaps the most widely leveraged sustainable or green polymer for jet printing . Other materials include polyamides, polyethylene, epoxide prepolymer mixtures, polyethers, vinyl polymers such as poly­(methyl methacrylate), PCL, and even conducting polymers such as polythiophenes, which are notoriously difficult to process (Table ).…”

“…Other materials include polyamides, polyethylene, epoxide prepolymer mixtures, polyethers, vinyl polymers such as poly­(methyl methacrylate), PCL, and even conducting polymers such as polythiophenes, which are notoriously difficult to process (Table ). ,, An important point to made, which is further detailed by Ligon et al., is that jet printing allows for ceramic and metal 3D printing as well, such as hydroxyapatite, which means that this technique may be exploited without any polymeric components. ,, Conversely, this also means that other biosourced additives may be included in polymeric inks, which include poly­(vinyl alcohols), sugars, starches, cellulose, and chitosans, among others . Naturally derived terpene materials are also being utilized in inkjet printing as terpene phenol resins which cover an entire material category.…”

“…293 As with other methods, PLA is perhaps the most widely leveraged sustainable or green polymer for jet printing. 294 Other materials include polyamides, polyethylene, epoxide prepolymer mixtures, polyethers, vinyl polymers such as poly(methyl methacrylate), PCL, and even conducting polymers such as polythiophenes, which are notoriously difficult to process (Table 5). 2,294,295 An important point to made, which is further detailed by Ligon et al, is that jet printing allows for ceramic and metal 3D printing as well, such as hydroxyapatite, which means that this technique may be exploited without any polymeric components.…”

Polymeric Excipients in the Technology of Floating Drug Delivery Systems

“…The development of new production methods requires the use of specific materials. The current trend in the field of DF technology is the use of additive technologies (3D printing), which are associated with the possibility of obtaining personalized MP, achieving modified release, and other additional properties [151]. The main method for obtaining FDF is extrusion (FDM) printing, which is used to implement one of 2 concepts-manufacturing a tablet directly from API-loaded filaments or a TiD device, which is a printed case in which a tablet is placed.…”

The potential of three-dimensional printing for pediatric oral solid dosage forms

“…Inkjet printing is a liquid deposition technique that can be used to apply APIs, polymers, and other excipients onto an edible substrate (Fig. 2f) (48). The API solution is sprayed through a series of nozzles in a single or more layers.…”