Polymicrobial biofilms by diabetic foot clinical isolates

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a major chronic disease that continues to increase significantly. One of the most important and costly complications of diabetes is foot ulceration that may be colonized by pathogenic and antimicrobial resistant bacteria, which may express several virulence factors that could impair treatment success. These bacterial communities can be organized in polymicrobial biofilms, which may be responsible for diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) chronicity. We evaluated the influence of polymicrobial communities in the ability of DFU isolates to produce biofilm, using a microtiter plate assay and a multiplex fluorescent in situ hybridization, at three time points (24, 48, 72 h), after evaluating biofilm formation by 95 DFU isolates belonging to several bacterial genera (Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium, Enterococcus, Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter). All isolates were biofilm-positive at 24 h, and the amount of biofilm produced increased with incubation time. Pseudomonas presented the higher biofilm production, followed by Corynebacterium, Acinetobacter, Staphylococcus and Enterococcus. Significant differences were found in biofilm formation between the three time points. Polymicrobial communities produced higher biofilm values than individual species. Pseudomonas + Enterococcus, Acinetobacter + Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium + Staphylococcus produced higher biofilm than the ones formed by E. faecalis + Staphylococcus and E. faecalis + Corynebacterium. Synergy between bacteria present in dual or multispecies biofilms has been described, and this work represents the first report on time course of biofilm formation by polymicrobial communities from DFUs including several species. The biological behavior of different bacterial species in polymicrobial biofilms has important clinical implications for the successful treatment of these infections.

Functionalized PVA –silk blended nanofibrous mats promote diabetic wound healing via regulation of extracellular matrix and tissue remodelling

“…PVAAA and PVAPR showed significantly higher LDH activity (4.32 ± 0.72 and 4.04 ± 0.54 milliunits/ml, respectively) due to the presence of RGD sequences attracting more platelets, suggesting their superior haemostatic property (p ≤ .01). Greater amount of platelet interaction was also observed with another NMSF Antheraea mylitta as compared with BMSF owing to RGD sequences in Antheraea mylitta protein supporting our results(Kundu, Schlimp, Nürnberger, Redl, & Kundu, 2014).3.3 | Antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of LL-37 functionalized nanofibrous mats-In vitro and in vivo assayBacterial colonization and biofilm development are commonly observed in diabetic wounds, in response to high glucose environment(Mottola et al, 2016). Bioburden inflicted on chronic wounds, by the presence of polymicrobes, has been evidenced, particularly in the diabetic condition(Martin, Zenilman, & Lazarus, 2010).…”

“…Bacterial colonization and biofilm development are commonly observed in diabetic wounds, in response to high glucose environment (Mottola et al, ). Bioburden inflicted on chronic wounds, by the presence of polymicrobes, has been evidenced, particularly in the diabetic condition (Martin, Zenilman, & Lazarus, ).…”

An Overview on Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU): Mini Review

“…In 2015, Banu et al reported that the predominant biofilm former was Staphylococcus aureus followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Citrobacter species, E. coli, Proteus species and then Klebsiella oxytoca. It was found that polymicrobial communities was able to produce higher biofilm formation than individual species [8]. Kirsner also stated that majority of infections in diabetic wounds are polymicrobial.…”

Bacterial Agents in Diabetic Foot Infections and Their Biofilm Formation Rates

“…Bununla birlikte, kronik yaralarda bulunan mikroorganizmaların çoğunun, özellikle de Pseudomonas ve Staphylococcus gibi türlerin, yüksek düzeyde biyofilm ürettikleri bilinmektedir (41) . Mottola ve ark.…”