Polymorph‐ and Size‐Dependent Uptake and Toxicity of TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticles in Living Lung Epithelial Cells

Andersson, Per Ola; Lejon, Christian; Ekstrand‐Hammarström, Barbro; Akfur, Christine; Ahlinder, Linnéa; Bucht, Anders; Österlund, Lars

doi:10.1002/smll.201001832

Cited by 116 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Higher zeta potentials suggest increased repelling force among particles, thereby forming fewer agglomerates. Since the agglomerates are more easily taken up by the cell via endocytic transport than individual NPs (Andersson et al, 2011), our results of reduced penetration of the CM-NPs could be explained by decreased degree of agglomeration, likely due to fatty acid-associated surface modification. Future studies should be carried out to understand possible changes in the charge, subcellular distribution, zeta potential and agglomerate formation of TiO 2 NPs coated with fatty acids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Role of fatty acid composites in the toxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles used in cosmetic products

et al. 2016

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-It has been recognized that the use of nanoparticles (NPs) in the cosmetic industry results in products with better efficacy and functionality. However, recent advances in molecular toxicology have revealed that NP exposure can promote cytotoxicity and oxidative damage, which has raised health concerns in the use of NPs in personal care products. Nevertheless, the mechanistic basis for the toxicity and safety of cosmetic NPs is poorly understood. The goal of the study was to determine the cytotoxicity and intracellular distribution of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) NPs containing fatty acid composites (palmitoleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid and oleic acid) commonly used in cosmetic products. Two types of cells, human fibroblast skin cells and adenocarcinoma lung cells, were exposed to either bare TiO 2 NPs or TiO 2 NPs mixed with fatty acids for up to 48 hr. NMR analysis confirmed that the fatty acid composites remained in the NPs after wash. The cytotoxicity of TiO 2 NPs was determined by cell viability measurement using quantitative confocal microscopy, and the localization of two different forms of TiO 2 NPs were assessed using electron spectroscopic imaging with transmission electron microscopy. TiO 2 NPs containing fatty acids posed significantly reduced cytotoxicity (80-88% decreases) than bare NPs in both cell types. Furthermore, there was less intracellular penetration of the NPs containing fatty acid composites compared with bare NPs. These results provide important insights into the role of fatty acids in protecting the cells from possible toxicity caused by NPs used in the production of cosmetic products.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Role of fatty acid composites in the toxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles used in cosmetic products

et al. 2016

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“…Several other studies clearly indicate that size is an important parameter for uptake. 25,[50][51][52] It is difficult to say if the difference in the degree of uptake was size-related in our study, since the primary particle size range was small. 25,[50][51][52] However, small primary NPs are taken up by other mechanisms than larger particles or agglomerates of the same compound.…”

Section: Cellular Uptake Of Tio 2 Npsmentioning

confidence: 70%

The effect of blood protein adsorption on cellular uptake of anatase TiO2 nanoparticles

Allouni¹,

Gjerdet²,

Cimpan³

et al. 2015

IJN

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Protein adsorption onto nanoparticles (NPs) in biological fluids has emerged as an important factor when testing biological responses to NPs, as this may influence both uptake and subsequent toxicity. The aim of the present study was to quantify the adsorption of proteins onto TiO 2 NPs and to test the influence on cellular uptake. The surface composition of the particles was characterized by thermal analysis and by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The adsorption of three blood proteins, ie, human serum albumin (HSA), γ-globulins (Glbs), and fibrinogen (Fib), onto three types of anatase NPs of different sizes was quantified for each protein. The concentration of the adsorbed protein was measured by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry using the Bradford method. The degree of cellular uptake was quantified by inductivity coupled plasma mass spectroscopy, and visualized by an ultra-high resolution imaging system. The proteins were adsorbed onto all of the anatase NPs. The quantity adsorbed increased with time and was higher for the smaller particles. Fib and Glbs showed the highest affinity to TiO 2 NPs, while the lowest was seen for HSA. The adsorption of proteins affected the surface charge and the hydrodynamic diameter of the NPs in cell culture medium. The degree of particle uptake was highest in protein-free medium and in the presence HSA, followed by culture medium supplemented with Glbs, and lowest in the presence of Fib. The results indicate that the uptake of anatase NPs by fibroblasts is influenced by the identity of the adsorbed protein.

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“…The aggregation may affect the cellular uptake as Andersson et al [56] found NP uptake was strongly dependent on the agglomeration size, not the primary particle size. This proved serendipitous as the concentration of LDH NPs used in cellular uptake studies did not typically exceed 40 lg/mL so as to circumvent unwanted NP aggregation.…”

Section: Suspension Stability Of Sldh and L-ldh Npsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle size- and number-dependent delivery to cells by layered double hydroxide nanoparticles

Dong

Parekh

2015

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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a b s t r a c tIt is well known that delivery efficiency to cells is highly dependent on particle size and the administered dose. However, there is a marked discrepancy in many reports, mainly due to the inconsistency in assessment of various parameters. In this particular research, we designed experiments using layered double hydroxide nanoparticles (LDH NPs) to specifically elucidate the effect of particle size, dose and dye loading manner on cellular uptake. Using the number of LDH NPs taken up by HCT-116 cells as the indicator of delivery efficiency, we found that (1) the size of sheet-like LDH in the range of 40-100 nm did not significantly affect their cellular uptake; (2) cellular uptake of 40 and 100 nm LDH NPs was increased proportionally to the number concentration below a critical value, but remained relatively constant beyond the critical value; and (3) the effect of the dye loading manner is mainly dependent on the loading capacity or yield. In particular, the loading capacity is determined by the NP specific surface area. This research may be extended to a larger size range to examine the size effect, but suggests that it is necessary to set up a protocol to evaluate the effects of NP's physicochemical properties on the cellular delivery efficiency.

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Polymorph‐ and Size‐Dependent Uptake and Toxicity of TiO₂ Nanoparticles in Living Lung Epithelial Cells

Cited by 116 publications

References 43 publications

Role of fatty acid composites in the toxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles used in cosmetic products

Role of fatty acid composites in the toxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles used in cosmetic products

The effect of blood protein adsorption on cellular uptake of anatase TiO2 nanoparticles

Particle size- and number-dependent delivery to cells by layered double hydroxide nanoparticles

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Polymorph‐ and Size‐Dependent Uptake and Toxicity of TiO2 Nanoparticles in Living Lung Epithelial Cells

Cited by 116 publications

References 43 publications

Role of fatty acid composites in the toxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles used in cosmetic products

Role of fatty acid composites in the toxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles used in cosmetic products

The effect of blood protein adsorption on cellular uptake of anatase TiO2 nanoparticles

Particle size- and number-dependent delivery to cells by layered double hydroxide nanoparticles

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Product

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Polymorph‐ and Size‐Dependent Uptake and Toxicity of TiO₂ Nanoparticles in Living Lung Epithelial Cells