Polymorphism of Haptoglobin in Patients with Premature Rupture of Membrane

Abstract

PurposeTo investigate whether allelic polymorphism of haptoglobin (Hp) is associated with premature rupture of membrane (PROM), the Hp phenotypes of pregnant women with PROM were analyzed.Patients and MethodsThe Hp phenotypes of 221 pregnant Korean women (187 control and 34 PROM patients) were determined by benzidine/hydrogen peroxide staining, following native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of hemoglobin-mixed sera. The Hp allele frequencies were calculated from the data of Hp phenotypes, and overall association with PROM was evaluated using Pearson Chi-Square test.ResultsThe polymorphic distribution of the patients cohort who underwent a normal delivery (control group) was similar to that of healthy Koreans. In contrast, however, patients with PROM showed significantly higher occurrence of the Hp 1-1 phenotype than control group (23.5% vs 8.0%). Hp 2-2 phenotype was lower in PROM cohort (38.2%) than in the control group (48.7%). The Hp1 allele frequency in PROM group was significantly higher than that in the control group (0.426 vs 0.297, p = 0.034) with odds ratio of 1.762 (95% CI: 1.038 - 2.991).ConclusionThese findings suggest that pregnant Korean women who possess Hp1 allele (expressed as Hp 1-1 phenotype) have higher incidence of PROM than women with Hp2 allele (expressed as Hp 2-2 phenotype). This is the first study that evaluated the significance of Hp polymorphism with respect to the development of PROM.

Haptoglobin phenotype and abnormal uterine artery Doppler in a racially diverse cohort

“…This highlights the need for large, prospective studies [21, 23]. Two small case-control studies examined the potential impact of Hp phenotype on other adverse pregnancy outcomes [19, 20]. Austrian women with gestational diabetes were more likely to have the Hp α 2 allele than women with uncomplicated pregnancies [19].…”

“…Austrian women with gestational diabetes were more likely to have the Hp α 2 allele than women with uncomplicated pregnancies [19]. In contrast, Korean women with premature rupture of membranes were more likely to have the Hp 1-1 phenotype (23% vs. 8%) than women with uncomplicated pregnancies [20]. The preeclampsia data suggest that these findings should be verified in large cohorts.…”

“…Large cohorts are needed to confirm the results of small case-control studies suggesting that Hp phenotype significantly affects the risk of gestational diabetes [19] and premature rupture membranes [20]. Mechanistic studies are also needed to identify the specific role of Hp in implantation and pregnancy, and to examine the potential role of Hp phenotype.…”

“…Small case-control studies suggest that Hp phenotype may predict adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preeclampsia [17, 18], gestational diabetes [19], and premature rupture of membranes [20]. However, we were unable to confirm a relationship between Hp phenotype and preeclampsia risk in large cohorts of low-risk nulliparous women [21] or women with Type 1 diabetes [22] participating in randomized controlled trials of antioxidants for preeclampsia prevention.…”

Iron metabolism markers and haptoglobin phenotypes in susceptibility to HSV‐1 or/and HSV‐2 lesion relapses

“…63 Several studies have shown a relationship between martial metabolism and recurrent HSV-1 or/and HSV-2 manifestations. 6 17,22,[41][42][43][44][45] The different affinities of the three Hp phenotypes for Hb are relevant cofactors along with iron deficiency to explain differences in the susceptibility to Herpes virus. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that low levels of iron can decrease immune responses and favour reactivation of HSV.…”