Polyorchidism: color Doppler ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging findings

Arslanoğlu, Atilla; Tuncel, Sedat Alpaslan; Hamarat, Mehmet

doi:10.1016/j.clinimag.2012.03.006

Cited by 25 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The exact etiology of polyorchidism is still unknown. However, it could be related to an embryological developmental abnormality during the formation of the testicles [ 2 ]. Usually, patients present with an asymptomatic mass.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polyorchidism: two case reports and a review of the literature

Artul

2014

J Med Case Reports

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IntroductionPolyorchidism is a very rare anomaly that is defined by the presence of more than two testes. Although its presentation is primarily as triorchidism, cases of four testes have also been reported in the literature.Case presentationIn this report, we describe color Doppler ultrasound findings in two cases. Patient 1 was a 37-year-old Arabic man with a scrotal mass and a double testicle in the right hemiscrotum visualized by ultrasound. Patient 2 was an 11-year-old Arabic boy with an inguinal mass resulted to be an additional testicle in the inguinal canal. The echogenic texture and vascular flow of supernumerary testicles in question were similar to those of the normal testicles; however, their size was smaller. After 3 years of follow-up, the tertiary testes in the two patients remained stable in both size and echogenicity.ConclusionUltrasound plays a crucial role in the evaluation of masses. Notably, inguinal or scrotal masses should not always be considered as lymph nodes or tumors. Indeed, a radiologist should always keep polyorchidism in mind when such masses are encountered.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, chromosomal abnormalities such as a 46,XX karyotype with XY mosaicism and deletion of the long arm of chromosome 21 have been reported. In polyorchidism, secondary sexual characteristics are the same as in typical individuals of similar age [ 2 , 3 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyorchidism: two case reports and a review of the literature

Artul

2014

J Med Case Reports

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“…However, it may be diagnosed with sonogram or, if sonogram is not clear, MRI. The supernumerary testicle will have the same characteristics as the normal testicle on both imaging modalities (Bergholz and Wenke 2009;Arslanoglu et al 2013).…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Male Genitourinary System

Shepard

Gayheart

Joseph

2016

Bergman's Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation

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“…However, it might be necessary to perform techniques such as MRI, which could provide diagnostic confirmation. 8 Some papers report that MRI does not provide additional information and recommend it should be kept for cases where intra-abdominal polyorchidism or malignancy is suspected. 3 On the contrary, other studies recommend that a pelvic MRI should be mandatory after SU.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 9 However, since the improvement in imaging techniques, most reports propose a close follow-up and decline an early invasive management. 8 10 In a recent meta-analysis, a management protocol was proposed based on whether the supernumerary testis was located in the scrotum or not. Nonscrotal location should be managed by orchiectomy.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%