Polyphasic Characterization of Bacillus coagulans Strains, Illustrating Heterogeneity within this Species, and Emended Description of the Species

Clerck, Elke De; Rodríguez‐Díaz, Marina; Forsyth, Gillian; Lebbe, Luc; Logan, Niall A.; Devos, Paul

doi:10.1078/0723-2020-00250

Cited by 75 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The predominant cell-wall amino acid and sugars found in the isolates agreed with results for the type strain of B. coagulans (De Clerck et al, 2004).…”

supporting

confidence: 75%

“…The predominant fatty acids of the two novel isolates and B. coagulans ATCC 7050 T were anteiso-C 15 : 0 , anteiso-C 17 : 0 , iso-C 16 : 0 , iso-C 15 : 0 and C 16 : 0 , comprising approximately 95 % of the fatty acids extracted. The major fatty acids of the isolates were similar to those reported for B. coagulans ATCC 7050 T in previous studies (De Clerck et al, 2004). Among the analysed reference strains, B. badius ATCC 14574 T differed significantly from the novel isolates in that the only predominant fatty acid was iso-C 15 : 0 (51.43 %) and the minor components were present in smaller amounts.…”

supporting

confidence: 64%

“…Strains were negative for oxidase, indole production and nitrate reduction, but positive for catalase and acid production from ribose, mannitol and sucrose. Isolates were more similar to Bacillus coagulans ATCC 7050 T than to Bacillus badius ATCC 14574 T in their physiological properties (De Clerck et al, 2004). These results are summarized in the species description and in Table 1.…”

supporting

confidence: 53%

“…Within the bacilli, a spore-forming lactic acid bacillus was first described in 1932 and it was originally known as 'Lactobacillus sporogenes' (HorowitzWlassowa & Nowotelnow, 1932). Results from further physiological and biochemical characterization caused the strain to be transferred into the Bacillus coagulans group, a change in classification that was later confirmed by genotypic studies (Becker & Pederson, 1950;De Clerck et al, 2004). More recently, other spore-forming rods that produce lactic acid have been grouped into the genus Bacillus (Gibson & Gordon, 1974).…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Bacillus acidiproducens sp. nov., vineyard soil isolates that produce lactic acid

Jung

Kim

Chang

2009

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLO

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Two novel spore-forming lactic acid bacteria, strains SL213 T and SL1213, were isolated from vineyard soils in Korea. Cells of both isolates were rod-shaped bacilli and contained subterminal, ellipsoidal spores. Strains were facultatively anaerobic, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative and motile with single flagella. meso-Diaminopimelic acid, glucose and galactose were detected in whole-cell hydrolysates. Major fatty acids found in the strains were anteiso-C 15 : 0 , iso-C 15 : 0 , iso-C 16 : 0 , C 16 : 0 and anteiso-C 17 : 0 . The G+C contents of the DNA were 46.1 and 46.3 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequences from the two strains were almost identical (99.9 %) and placed them in the genus Bacillus, according to phylogenetic analysis. The type strains most closely related to SL213 T were Bacillus coagulans ATCC 7050 T and Bacillus badius ATCC 14574 T , with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 96.9 and 95.9 %, respectively. Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain SL213 T and strain SL1213, B. coagulans ATCC 7050 T and B. badius ATCC 14574 T were 92.5, 49.0 and 27.5 %, respectively. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and chemotaxonomic and phenotypic evidence given in this study, we report that SL213 T represents a novel species, for which the name Bacillus acidiproducens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SL213 T (5KCTC 13078 T 5JCM 14638 T ).The members of the genus Bacillus Cohn 1872 are Grampositive, rod-shaped, aerobic or facultatively anaerobic, spore-forming bacteria. Within the bacilli, a spore-forming lactic acid bacillus was first described in 1932 and it was originally known as 'Lactobacillus sporogenes' (HorowitzWlassowa & Nowotelnow, 1932). Results from further physiological and biochemical characterization caused the strain to be transferred into the Bacillus coagulans group, a change in classification that was later confirmed by genotypic studies (Becker & Pederson, 1950;De Clerck et al., 2004). More recently, other spore-forming rods that produce lactic acid have been grouped into the genus Bacillus (Gibson & Gordon, 1974).A unique characteristic of lactic acid-producing strains of the genus Bacillus is their ability to produce spores and lactic acid; the spores can stay dormant for extended periods under stressful environmental conditions, including high temperature and acidic pH. Organisms from the genus Bacillus have been isolated frequently and from almost every environment, such as marine areas (Bae et al., 2005;Gugliandolo et al., 2003;Yoon et al., 2003), airborne dust (Shivaji et al., 2006) and soil (Albert et al., 2005;Gatson et al., 2006; Heyrman et al., 2005;Logan et al., 2002; Palmisano et al., 2001). In contrast, isolation of spore-forming, lactic acid-producing Bacillus strains has been reported only rarely, from products of milk (Hammer, 1915), fermented foods, plants (Alkan et al., 2007), sewage sludge (Kotay & Das, 2007) and soil (Patel et al., 2006). In this study, we report the isolation and characterization of novel bacteria from vineyard soil in Korea that form spore...

show abstract

“…The predominant cell-wall amino acid and sugars found in the isolates agreed with results for the type strain of B. coagulans (De Clerck et al, 2004).…”

supporting

confidence: 75%

supporting

confidence: 64%

supporting

confidence: 53%

mentioning

confidence: 93%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Bacillus acidiproducens sp. nov., vineyard soil isolates that produce lactic acid

Jung

Kim

Chang

2009

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLO

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Even though bacterial species were originally demarcated as phenotypic (usually metabolic) clusters, most species are highly diverse in their metabolic capabilities (Logan & Berkeley 1984;De Clerck et al 2004). It would seem that even by the criteria on which bacterial species were originally demarcated, bacterial systematics has been prone to lump high levels of diversity within a named species.…”

Section: The 'Species' Of Bacterial Systematicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a conceptual and operational union of bacterial systematics, ecology, and evolution

Cohan

2006

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

184

167

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To completely understand the ecology of a bacterial community, we need to identify its ecologically distinct populations (ecotypes). The greatest promise for enumerating a community's constituent ecotypes is held by molecular approaches that identify bacterial ecotypes as DNA sequence clusters. These approaches succeed when ecotypes correspond with sequence clusters, but some models of bacterial speciation predict a one-to-many and others a many-to-one relationship between ecotypes and sequence clusters. A further challenge is that sequence-based phylogenies often contain a hierarchy of clusters and subclusters within clusters, and there is no widely accepted theory to guide systematists and ecologists to the size of cluster most likely to correspond to ecotypes. While present systematics attempts to use universal thresholds of sequence divergence to help demarcate species, the recently developed 'community phylogeny' approach assumes no universal thresholds, but demarcates ecotypes based on the analysis of a lineage's evolutionary dynamics. Theory-based approaches like this one can give a conceptual framework as well as operational criteria for hypothesizing the identity and membership of ecotypes from sequence data; ecology-based approaches can then confirm that the putative ecotypes are actually ecologically distinct. Bacterial ecotypes that are demonstrated to have a history of coexistence as ecologically distinct lineages (based on sequence analysis) and as a prognosis of future coexistence (based on ecological differences), are the fundamental units of bacterial ecology and evolution, and should be recognized by bacterial systematics.

show abstract

Bacillus

Logan¹,

Vos²

2015

Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria

101

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ba.cil'lus. N.L. masc. n. Bacillus a rodlet. Firmicutes / “Bacilli” / Bacillales / Bacillaceae / Bacillus Cells rod‐shaped, straight or slightly curved, occurring singly and in pairs, some in chains, and occasionally as long filaments. Endospores are formed, no more than one to a cell; these spores are very resistant to many adverse conditions. Gram‐positive, or Gram‐positive only in early stages of growth, or Gram‐negative. A meso ‐DAP direct murein cross‐linkage type is commonest, but L ‐Lys‐ D ‐Glu, Orn‐ D ‐Glu and L ‐Orn‐ D ‐Asp have occasionally been reported. Motile by means of peritrichous or degenerately peritrichous flagella, or nonmotile. Aerobes or facultative anaerobes, but a few species are described as strictly anaerobic. The terminal electron acceptor is oxygen, replaceable by alternatives in some species. Most species will grow on routine media such as nutrient agar and blood agar. Colony morphology and size very variable between and within species. A wide diversity of physiological abilities is exhibited, ranging from psychrophilic to thermophilic, and acidophilic to alkaliphilic; some strains are salt tolerant and some are halophilic. Catalase is produced by most species. Oxidase‐positive or ‐negative. Chemo‐organotrophic; two species are facultative chemolithotrophs: prototrophs to auxotrophs requiring several growth factors. Mostly isolated from soil, or from environments that may have been contaminated directly or indirectly by soil, but also found in water, food and clinical specimens. The resistance of the spores to heat, radiation, disinfectants, and desiccation results in species being troublesome contaminants in operating rooms, on surgical dressings, in pharmaceutical products and in foods. Most species have little or no pathogenic potential and are rarely associated with disease in humans or other animals; an exception is Bacillus anthracis , the agent of anthrax; several other species may cause food poisoning and opportunistic infections, and strains of Bacillus thuringiensis are pathogenic to invertebrates. DNA G + C content (mol%) : 32–66 ( T m ). Type species : Bacillus subtilis Cohn 1872, 174 AL .

show abstract

Polyphasic Characterization of Bacillus coagulans Strains, Illustrating Heterogeneity within this Species, and Emended Description of the Species

Cited by 75 publications

References 0 publications

Bacillus acidiproducens sp. nov., vineyard soil isolates that produce lactic acid

Bacillus acidiproducens sp. nov., vineyard soil isolates that produce lactic acid

Towards a conceptual and operational union of bacterial systematics, ecology, and evolution

Bacillus

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About