Polyphasic Taxonomic Study of the Emended Genus Arcobacter with Arcobacter butzleri comb. nov. and Arcobacter skirrowii sp. nov., an Aerotolerant Bacterium Isolated from Veterinary Specimens

Vandamme, Peter; Vancanneyt, Marc; Pot, Bruno; Mels, L.; Hoste, Bart; Dewettinck, Dirk; Vlaes, L; Borre, C Van den; Higgins, Robert; Hommez, J.; Kersters, Karel; Butzler, Jean‐Paul; Goossens, Herman

doi:10.1099/00207713-42-3-344

Cited by 387 publications

(279 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…All strains were grown for 24 h on Petri dishes under the growth conditions described above. Preparation, separation, identification and numerical comparison of the fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) was performed on a loopful of cells according to the Microbial Identification System (Microbial ID) as described previously (Vandamme et al, 1992). Phenotypic characterization.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sphingomonas alaskensis sp. nov., a dominant bacterium from a marine oligotrophic environment.

Vancanneyt¹,

Schut²,

Snauwaert³

et al. 2001

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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Seven Gram-negative strains, isolated in 1990 from a 10 6 -fold dilution series of seawater from Resurrection Bay, a deep fjord of the Gulf of Alaska, were identified in a polyphasic taxonomic study. Analysis of 16S rDNA sequences and DNA-homology studies confirmed the phylogenetic position of all strains in the genus Sphingomonas and further indicated that all of the strains constitute a single homogeneous genomic species, distinct from all validly described Sphingomonas species. The ability to differentiate the species, both phenotypically and chemotaxonomically, from its nearest neighbours justifies the proposal of a new species name, Sphingomonas alaskensis sp. nov., for this taxon. Strain LMG 18877 T (l RB2256 T l DSM 13593 T ) was selected as the type strain.Keywords : Sphingomonas alaskensis sp. nov., identification, polyphasic taxonomy, marine ultramicrobacterium INTRODUCTIONMicrobiologists have been intrigued by the phenomenon of ' unculturability ' for over half a century, especially with respect to bacteria in the open ocean (MacLeod, 1985). This notion has now virtually reached the status of a dogma but is still based primarily on the common observation that often numerically dominant marine bacteria cannot be grown on agar surfaces (Austin, 1988 ;Jannasch & Jones, 1959 ;Kogure et al., 1979Kogure et al., , 1980Poindexter & Leadbetter, 1986 ;Roszak & Colwell, 1987 ; Schut et al., 1997a, b ; Van Es & MeyerReil, 1982). These studies all point in the same direction and indicate that by using agar-plate counts and isolation procedures usually less than 0n1 % of the total community that is observed by direct microscopy can be cultured. As a logical consequence of this situation, most of our knowledge on the physiological properties of marine bacteria is based on those species that are Abbreviations : FAS, filtered-autoclaved seawater ; FAMEs, fatty acid methyl esters.The EMBL accession numbers for the sequences determined in this work are AF145752 (1280 bp), AF145753 (1416 bp) and AF145754 (1428 bp), respectively.readily obtained in culture but which mostly belong to a minority of the total community. Culture-independent molecular techniques are now widely used to obtain a thorough understanding of the identity and nature of the bacteria comprising marine heterotrophic communities, because of their apparent unculturability. This approach has indeed indicated the existence of numerous possibly ' new ' and unusual uncultured bacteria (Amann et al., 1995 ;Britschgi & Giovannoni, 1991 ;Fuhrman et al., 1992Fuhrman et al., , 1993Giovannoni et al., 1990Giovannoni et al., , 1995Ho$ fle & Brettar, 1996 ;Mullins et al., 1995 ;Schmidt et al., 1991). The developments in the use of molecular probes for the detection of natural bacterial populations and for the analysis of genetic diversity within communities have revolutionized our approach in microbial ecology so much that they may create the impression that isolation and cultivation of naturally occurring bacterial strains might soon cease to be required. However, th...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Preparation of high-molecular-weight DNA. Highmolecular-weight native DNA was prepared as described previously (Vandamme et al, 1992). DNA base compositions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sphingomonas alaskensis sp. nov., a dominant bacterium from a marine oligotrophic environment.

Vancanneyt¹,

Schut²,

Snauwaert³

et al. 2001

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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“…After an incubation period of 24 h at 35 mC, a loopful of well-grown cells was harvested and fatty acid methyl esters were prepared, separated and identified using the Microbial Identification System (Microbial ID) as described previously (Vandamme et al, 1992).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burkholderia cepacia genomovar VI, a new member of the Burkholderia cepacia complex isolated from cystic fibrosis patients.

Coenye

LiPuma

Henry

et al. 2001

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

126

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A polyphasic taxonomic study was performed on 23 strains isolated from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients in the USA. These strains were tentatively identified as Burkholderia cepacia, Burkholderia vietnamiensis and Burkholderia or Ralstonia sp. using biochemical tests and 16S rDNA-based PCR assays. Visual comparison of protein profiles indicated that they belonged to a single new group (' group 13 '). The polyphasic taxonomic data showed that 18 of these strains represent a new member of the B. cepacia complex, referred to in this report as B. cepacia genomovar VI, whereas the other five strains belonged to Burkholderia multivorans.

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“…The results of numerical analyses of one-dimensional wholeorganism protein fingerprints are often equivalent to the results obtained by DNA-DNA hybridization, as strains with very similar whole-cell protein patterns for the most part exhibit high DNA-DNA binding values. This equivalence has been widely documented in gram-negative bacteria, including the genera Alcaligenes, Arcobacter, Bordetella, Campylobacter, and Pseudomonas (19,27,28,30). In gram-positive bacteria, this relationship is less well documented because of the difficulty of obtaining sufficient amounts of DNA for the hybridization experiments, yet it has been demonstrated in several genera, including the genera Clostridium, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, and Paenibacillus (4, 6, 13-15, 17, 21, 26 iniae , Streptococcus pnrusu nguis , Streptococcus para u beris , and S. phocue) have been included in DNA-DNA hybridization and protein electrophoretic studies ( Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Streptococcus difficile Is a Nonhemolytic Group B, Type Ib Streptococcus

Vandamme

Devriese²,

Pot³

et al. 1997

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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Whole-cell protein electrophoretic analysis of the type strain of Streptococcus digicile (LMG 15799) revealed that this organism was indistinguishable from Streptococcus agalactiae strains. Although LMG 15799'r (T = type strain) was originally described as serologically untypeable, we found that this strain was a group B streptococcus belonging to the capsular polysaccharide antigen type Ib group. The biochemical reactivity of S. digicile, which differed from the biochemical reactivity of typical S. agalactiae strains mainly by being less versatile, is similar to the biochemical reactivity of other group B, type Ib streptococci isolated from poikilothermic animals, such as fish and frogs.Group B streptococci are isolated mainly from human and bovine sources; however, occasional infections in dogs, cats, camels, frogs, and fish have been reported (10,23). The Lancefield serotyping method based on carbohydrate antigens is widely used as an aid for the identification of streptococci (18), yet, to date, only serogroup B corresponds to an individual species, Streptococcus agalactiae (7, 11). Other streptococcal species comprise strains belonging to multiple serogroups or untypeable strains, and members of several serogroups occur in different species (7,11,23).Recently, Eldar et al. (8) described two new streptococcal species, Streptococcus shiloi and Streptococcus dificile, which were isolated from fish with meningoencephalitis. The strains were assigned to the genus Streptococcus based on their growth characteristics. A micro-scale DNA-DNA hybridization assay in which 5 ng of labeled reference DNA and DNAs from five other streptococcal and enterococcal species were used and a biochemical analysis were used to demonstrate that the fish isolates did not correspond to known Streptococcus species. After validation of the new species names, Eldar et al. (9) performed another study ". . . to elucidate the taxonomic position of S. shiloi." This study revealed that Streptococcus iniae (20) and S. shiloi are synonyms.In an ongoing study on the taxonomy and epidemiology of streptococcal and enterococcal species, we found additional discrepancies between our data and the conclusions of Eldar et al. (8). Below, we demonstrate that S. dificile is a group B streptococcus belonging to the capsular serotype Ib group with a whole-cell protein pattern and phenotypic characteristics similar to those of other type Ib variants of S. agalactiae (10). MATERIALS AND METHODSBacterial strains. Type and other well-characterized reference strains of all present streptococcal species were obtained from international culture collections. The other strains examined were field isolates obtained by two of us (L.A.D. and P.M.). Strains belonging to S. dificile, Streptococcus phocae, and reference species of the pyogenic species group (1, 23) and their sources are listed in Table 1. Bacteriological purity was checked by plating and examining living and Gram-stained cells.Whole-cell protein analysis. All strains were grown for 24 h on brain heart in...

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Polyphasic Taxonomic Study of the Emended Genus Arcobacter with Arcobacter butzleri comb. nov. and Arcobacter skirrowii sp. nov., an Aerotolerant Bacterium Isolated from Veterinary Specimens

Abstract: The relationships of 77 aerotolerant Arcobacter strains that were originally identified as Campylobacter cryaerophila (now Arcobacter cryaerophilus [P.

Cited by 387 publications

References 32 publications

Sphingomonas alaskensis sp. nov., a dominant bacterium from a marine oligotrophic environment.

Sphingomonas alaskensis sp. nov., a dominant bacterium from a marine oligotrophic environment.

Burkholderia cepacia genomovar VI, a new member of the Burkholderia cepacia complex isolated from cystic fibrosis patients.

Streptococcus difficile Is a Nonhemolytic Group B, Type Ib Streptococcus

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