Polyphasic taxonomy of<i>Aspergillus</i>section<i>Cervini</i>

The Eurotiales is a relatively large order of Ascomycetes with members frequently having positive and negative impact on human activities. Species within this order gain attention from various research fields such as food, indoor and medical mycology and biotechnology. In this article we give an overview of families and genera present in the Eurotiales and introduce an updated subgeneric, sectional and series classification for Aspergillus and Penicillium . Finally, a comprehensive list of accepted species in the Eurotiales is given. The classification of the Eurotiales at family and genus level is traditionally based on phenotypic characters, and this classification has since been challenged using sequence-based approaches. Here, we re-evaluated the relationships between families and genera of the Eurotiales using a nine-gene sequence dataset. Based on this analysis, the new family Penicillaginaceae is introduced and four known families are accepted: Aspergillaceae , Elaphomycetaceae , Thermoascaceae and Trichocomaceae . The Eurotiales includes 28 genera: 15 genera are accommodated in the Aspergillaceae ( Aspergillago , Aspergillus , Evansstolkia , Hamigera , Leiothecium , Monascus , Penicilliopsis , Penicillium , Phialomyces , Pseudohamigera , Pseudopenicillium , Sclerocleista , Warcupiella , Xerochrysium and Xeromyces ), eight in the Trichocomaceae ( Acidotalaromyces , Ascospirella , Dendrosphaera , Rasamsonia , Sagenomella , Talaromyces , Thermomyces , Trichocoma ), two in the Thermoascaceae ( Paecilomyces , Thermoascus ) and one in the Penicillaginaceae ( Penicillago ). The classification of the Elaphomycetaceae was not part of this study, but according to literature two genera are present in this family ( Elaphomyces and Pseudotulostoma ). The use of an infrageneric classification system has a long tradition in Aspergillus and Penicillium . Most recent taxonomic studies focused on the sectional l...

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“…(1985) (morphology), Kocsubé et al. (2016) (phylogeny), Chen et al. (2016c) (morphology, phylogeny).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extrolites : Six of nine species produce terremutin, four of nine produce aspervenone, and three of nine produce 4-hydroxymellein ( Chen et al. 2016c ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification of Aspergillus, Penicillium, Talaromyces and related genera (Eurotiales): An overview of families, genera, subgenera, sections, series and species

Houbraken¹,

Kocsubé²,

Visagie³

et al. 2020

Studies in Mycology

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458

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“…(-)-Terremutin and its precursor 6-methylsalicylic acid (6-MSA) as non-host-specific phytotoxins induced necrosis in leaf tissues of grapevine and Arabidopsis thaliana , and showed a mild-antibacterial activity (Venkatasubbaiah et al, 1992; Ding et al, 2010). Similarly, the (-)-terremutin derivative terreic acid also showed an antibacterial activity (Yamamoto et al, 1980; Han et al, 2010) and was suspected to be an important antibiotic compound in soil (Chen et al, 2016). In mammals, terreic acid can affect cell’s immunity (Kawakami et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacillus subtilis PTA-271 Counteracts Botryosphaeria Dieback in Grapevine, Triggering Immune Responses and Detoxification of Fungal Phytotoxins

et al. 2019

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Plant pathogens have evolved various strategies to enter hosts and cause diseases. Particularly Neofusicoccum parvum, a member of Botryosphaeria dieback consortium, can secrete the phytotoxins (-)-terremutin and (R)-mellein during grapevine colonization. The contribution of phytotoxins to Botryosphaeria dieback symptoms still remains unknown. Moreover, there are currently no efficient control strategies of this disease, and agro-environmental concerns have raised increasing interest in biocontrol strategies to limit disease spread in vineyards, especially by using some promising beneficial bacteria. Here, we first examined in planta the biocontrol capacity of Bacillus subtilis PTA-271 against N. parvum Np-Bt67 strain producing both (-)-terremutin and (R)-mellein. We then focused on the direct effects of PTA-271 on pathogen growth and the fate of pure phytotoxins, and explored the capacity of PTA-271 to induce or prime grapevine immunity upon pathogen infection or phytotoxin exposure. Results provided evidence that PTA-271 significantly protects grapevine cuttings against N. parvum and significantly primes the expression of PR2 (encoding a β-1,3-glucanase) and NCED2 (9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase involved in abscisic acid biosynthesis) genes upon pathogen challenge. Using in vitro plantlets, we also showed that PTA-271 triggers the expression of salicylic acid- and jasmonic acid-responsive genes, including GST1 (encoding a glutathione-S-transferase) involved in detoxification process. However, in PTA-271-pretreated plantlets, exogenous (-)-terremutin strongly lowered the expression of most of upregulated genes, except GST1. Data also indicated that PTA-271 can detoxify both (-)-terremutin and (R)-mellein and antagonize N. parvum under in vitro conditions. Our findings highlight (-)-terremutin and (R)-mellein as key aggressive molecules produced by N. parvum that may weaken grapevine immunity to promote Botryosphaeria dieback symptoms. However, PTA-271 can efficiently attenuate Botryosphaeria dieback by enhancing some host immune responses and detoxifying both phytotoxins produced by N. parvum.

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“…Fumigati with a sexual morph while no sexual morph is known among the ten species in sect. Cervini (Chen & al., 2016b), and two unnamed sexual states are known from eight species in sect. Clavati Peterson, 2008;Marin-Felix & al., 2014).…”

Section: (Iii) Conservation With a Niger As Type Will Lead To Unpredmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response to Pitt & Taylor 2016: Conservation ofAspergilluswithA. nigeras the conserved type is unnecessary and potentially disruptive

Samson

Hubka

Varga

et al. 2017

TAXON

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Aspergillus is a diverse fungal genus containing many species of great agricultural, biotechnological and medical relevance. Because of the broad use of the genus name in diverse disciplines, and the importance of individual species names in these areas, the taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspergillus should remain stable. A formal proposal to change the generic type from A. glaucus to A. niger was recently published. Here we present arguments against this proposal. We assert that it should be rejected because it will not ensure nomenclatural stability for Aspergillus, and will put the names of several important species, such as A. flavus, A. fumigatus and A. oryzae at risk of being classified in different genera and being lost.

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Polyphasic taxonomy ofAspergillussectionCervini

Cited by 14 publications

References 45 publications

Classification of Aspergillus, Penicillium, Talaromyces and related genera (Eurotiales): An overview of families, genera, subgenera, sections, series and species

Classification of Aspergillus, Penicillium, Talaromyces and related genera (Eurotiales): An overview of families, genera, subgenera, sections, series and species

Bacillus subtilis PTA-271 Counteracts Botryosphaeria Dieback in Grapevine, Triggering Immune Responses and Detoxification of Fungal Phytotoxins

Response to Pitt & Taylor 2016: Conservation ofAspergilluswithA. nigeras the conserved type is unnecessary and potentially disruptive

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