Polyphenism in Antennal Sensilla Among Different Adult Morphs of Nonhost-Alternating, Holocyclic <i>Sitobion avenae</i> (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Wu, Yu-Ting; Wu, Mengchu; Hui, Zi; Hu, Xiang-Shun; Xu, Xiangli

doi:10.1093/jisesa/ieab103

Cited by 3 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The antennae of S. heracei were longer in males than in sexual females mainly due to flagellum length differentiation between the sexes. A similar result was also found in S. avenae [ 16 ]. In Macrosiphoniella sanborni , the apterous viviparous female had longer antennae than the alate [ 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Antennal sensilla are specialized components of the antennal cuticles and function as organs detecting both external and internal stimuli to regulate behavior via the nervous system [ 15 ]. Although the morphology of antennae and sensilla has been described in a few species, such as M. persicae , Acyrthosiphon pisum , Sitobion avenae with both viviparous and bisexual morphs [ 16 , 17 , 18 ], A. gossypii and A. glycine with viviparous morphs and the male only [ 19 , 20 ], studies focusing on the sexual differentiation of antennae in males compared with females are lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Secondary Rhinaria Contribute to Major Sexual Dimorphism of Antennae in the Aphid Semiaphis heraclei (Takahashi)

Song

Wang

Qiao

et al. 2023

Insects

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Sexual generation is an important generation in the life cycle of host-alternating aphids, and its population size determines the intensity of the peak in the next spring. Although male trapping techniques based on olfactory stimuli have been successfully established in the field, the biological basis of olfactory perception in males is unclear. In this study, we compared the morphology of antennae and the types, sizes, numbers, and distribution of sensilla between males and sexual females in the host-alternating aphid Semiaphis heraclei (Hemiptera: Aphididae). We found that flagellum length differentiation contributed to the majority of the sexual dimorphism of antennae. Most sensillum types or subtypes, including trichoid sensilla subtype I, campaniform sensilla, and primary rhinaria subtypes I and II, were enlarged in males. In addition, males bore more trichoid sensilla subtype I than sexual females. In particular, secondary rhinaria were present in males only and could not be detected in sexual females. These results revealed the structural basis of male olfactory perception. Our findings provide insight into the mechanism underlying chemical communication between sexual aphids and could thus be useful for pest control.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary Rhinaria Contribute to Major Sexual Dimorphism of Antennae in the Aphid Semiaphis heraclei (Takahashi)

Song

Wang

Qiao

et al. 2023

Insects

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“…Antennae in most aphid species typically contain six segments, including a scape, a pedicel, and a flagellum with 4 flagellomeres (Song et al, 2020 ; Wu et al, 2022 ). In this study, six segments were observed in C. cedri, E. lanigerum , and T. trifolii , but exhibited various lengths, thicknesses, and shapes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In aphids, antennae are the main olfactory organs, and are filiform and composed of 5–6 segments, including a scape, a pedicel, and a flagellum with 3–4 flagellomeres (Kanturski et al, 2017 ; Song et al, 2020 ; Wu et al, 2022 ). The main sensory structures are called rhinaria (Wensler, 1974 , 1977 ; Bromley and Anderson, 1982 ; Pickett et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rhinaria are divided into two groups: primary and secondary rhinaria. In total, there are three major types of olfactory sensilla on the antennae, consisting of placoid sensilla, coeloconic sensilla, and trichoid sensilla, all of which have been reported in several aphid species, such as Acyrthosiphon pisum, Megoura viciae, Myzus persicae , and Sitobion avenae (Sun et al, 2013 ; De Biasio et al, 2015 ; Bruno et al, 2018 ; Wu et al, 2022 ). Primary rhinaria are a group of placoid sensilla and coeloconic sensilla located on the sixth segment and a single large placoid sensillum that occurs on the fifth segment of the antennae (Bromley et al, 1979 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative morphology and plant volatile responses of antennal sensilla in Cinara cedri (Hemiptera: Lachninae), Eriosoma lanigerum (Hemiptera: Eriosomatinae), and Therioaphis trifolii (Hemiptera: Calaphidinae)

Yang¹,

Wang²,

Shen³

et al. 2023

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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Olfaction is important for mediating aphid behaviors and is involved in host location and mating. Antennal primary rhinaria play a key role in the chemoreception of aphids. The function of the peripheral olfactory system in the subfamily Aphidinae has been intensively studied, but little is known about other subfamilies of Aphididae. Therefore, three aphid species were selected to study the olfactory reception of plant volatiles: Cinara cedri (Lachninae), Eriosoma lanigerum (Eriosomatinae), and Therioaphis trifolii (Calaphidinae). In this study, the morphology and distribution of the antennal sensilla of apterous adults were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Three morphological types were identified (placoid sensilla, coeloconic sensilla, and trichoid sensilla); the first two were distributed on the antennal primary rhinaria. A pattern of primary rhinaria in C. cedri was found that differed from that of E. lanigerum and T. trifolii and consists of 1 large placoid sensillum (LP) on the 4th segment, 2 LPs on the 5th segment, and a group of sensilla on the 6th antennal segments. Later, we recorded and compared neuronal responses of the distinct placoid sensilla in the primary rhinaria of the three aphid species to 18 plant volatiles using a single sensillum recording (SSR) technique. The results indicated that the functional profiles based on the tested odorants of the primary rhinaria of the three investigated aphid species were clustered into three classes, and exhibited excitatory responses to certain types of odorants, especially terpenes. In C. cedri, the ORNs in LP6 exhibited the highest responses to (±)-citronellal across all tested chemicals, and showed greater sensitivity to (±)-citronellal than to (+)-limonene. ORNs in LP5 were partially responsive to α-pinene and (–)-β-pinene in a dose-dependent manner. Across different species, E. lanigerum showed significantly stronger neuronal responses of LP5 to several terpenes, such as (–)-linalool and α-terpineol, compared to other species. In T. trifolii, the neuronal activities in LP6 showed a greater response to methyl salicylate as compared to LP5. Overall, our results preliminarily illustrate the functional divergence of ORNs in the primary rhinaria of aphids from three subfamilies of Aphididae and provide a basis for better understanding the mechanism of olfactory recognition in aphids.

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Ultrastructure of the antennal sensilla of the praying mantis Creobroter nebulosa Zheng (Mantedea: Hymenopodidae)

Wang,

Wan,

Wang

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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The praying mantis Creobroter nebulosa Zheng (Mantedea: Hymenopodidae) is an insect that has medicinal and esthetical importance, and being a natural enemy for many insects, the species is used as a biological control agent. In this publication, we used scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to study the fine morphology of antennae of males and females of this species. The antennae of both sexes are filiform and consist of three parts: scape, pedicel, and flagellum (differing in the number of segments). Based on the external morphology and the sensilla distribution, the antennal flagellum is could be divided into five regions. Seven sensilla types and eleven subtypes of sensilla were observed: grooved peg sensillum (Sgp), Bohm bristles (Bb), basiconic sensillum (Sb), trichoid sensillum (StI, StII), campaniform sensillum (Sca), chaetic sensillum (ScI, ScII, ScIII), and coeloconic sensillum (ScoI, ScoII). In Mantodea, the ScoII is observed for the first time, and it is located on the tip of the flagellum. The external structure and distribution of these sensilla are compared to those of other insects and possible functions of the antennal sensilla are discussed. The males and females of the mantis could be distinguished by the length of antennae and number of Sgp. Males have antennae about 1.5 times longer and have significantly larger number of Sgp compared to females. The sexual difference in distribution of the Sgp suggests that this type of sensilla may play a role in sex-pheromones detection in mantis.

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Polyphenism in Antennal Sensilla Among Different Adult Morphs of Nonhost-Alternating, Holocyclic Sitobion avenae (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Cited by 3 publications

References 44 publications

Secondary Rhinaria Contribute to Major Sexual Dimorphism of Antennae in the Aphid Semiaphis heraclei (Takahashi)

Secondary Rhinaria Contribute to Major Sexual Dimorphism of Antennae in the Aphid Semiaphis heraclei (Takahashi)

Comparative morphology and plant volatile responses of antennal sensilla in Cinara cedri (Hemiptera: Lachninae), Eriosoma lanigerum (Hemiptera: Eriosomatinae), and Therioaphis trifolii (Hemiptera: Calaphidinae)

Ultrastructure of the antennal sensilla of the praying mantis Creobroter nebulosa Zheng (Mantedea: Hymenopodidae)

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