Polyphenols and dietary antioxidant potential, and their relationship with arterial hypertension: A cross-sectional study of theadult population in Poland (WOBASZ II)

Abstract

Background. Oxidative stress plays a key role in the development of most non-communicable diseases, including arterial hypertension (AH). Diet is the major source of exogenous antioxidants, which support the body in the elimination of excessive free radicals. Objectives. To assess dietary total antioxidant potential (DTAP) and dietary polyphenol intake (DPI), and to determine the relationship between DTAP, DPI and hypertension in the Polish adult population; to indicate dietary sources of DTAP and DPI in participants with and without AH. Material and methods. Within the frame of the National Multicenter Health Survey (WOBASZ II), a random sample of the whole Polish population aged 20 years and above was screened during the years 2013-2014. Dietary habits and blood pressure were assessed in 2,554 men and 3,136 women. Dietary total antioxidant potential and DPI were calculated according to the amount of food consumed by the participants combined with the antioxidant potential and polyphenol contents in foods. Results. The mean DTAP was 12.36 mmol/day in men and 12.27 mmol/day in women, and DPI was 2069 mg/day and 1989 mg/day, respectively. The DTAP and DPI were associated with reduced odds of AH in the Polish population. After adjusting for confounding variables, higher DTAP (by 1 mmol/day) had reduced odds of AH by 1.3% in men and by 1.8% in women and higher DPI (by 100 mg/day) by 1. 1% and by 2.2%, respectively. Regardless of sex and AH, the main sources of DTAP and DPI were beverages, especially coffee and tea (over 50%), fruit (12-24%) and vegetables (12-18%). Conclusions. The intake of food with high antioxidant potential and rich in polyphenols was associated, slightly but independently of other factors, with a lower chance of hypertension in the adult Polish population. Irrespective of sex and AH, coffee and tea were the basic dietary sources of the antioxidants.

Dietary Habits and Dietary Antioxidant Intake Are Related to Socioeconomic Status in Polish Adults: A Nationwide Study

“…In this study, the main food sources of dietary antioxidants were found to be coffee, tea, vegetables, fruits, cereals, nuts and seeds, and chocolate and cocoa. These results are in agreement with those of previous studies [7,42]. However, in this study, participants with a higher SES consumed significantly more dietary antioxidants from nuts and seeds and chocolate and cocoa in both genders, and coffee only in women, in comparison to lower SES consumers.…”

“…Moreover, a higher consumption of dietary antioxidant vitamins reduces the risk of obesity [40] and mortality from cardiovascular disease [41]. A study in the Polish population showed that higher dietary antioxidant capacity and higher polyphenol intake were associated with a lower occurrence of hypertension [42] and diabetes [4].…”

The Association between Dietary Antioxidant Quality Score and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Iranian Adults: a Cross-Sectional Study

“…In our study, participants in the highest tertile of DAQS had lower heart rate and pulse pressure. Chen et al [ 14 ] showed that antioxidant vitamins can be essential for the underlying cause and hypertension prevention, whilst Waśkiewicz et al, [ 47 ] suggested that the consumption of foods with a high content of antioxidants was associated with lower chances of hypertension in a Polish adult population. The strong association of BP with some oxidative stress-related parameters and suggest a possible role of oxidative stress in essential hypertension pathophysiology [ 12 ].…”

The Effects of Combined Fruit-Infused Water (Apple, Pineapple, Strawberry, Cucumber) on Blood Pressure and Fasting Blood Glucose in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

“…The content of active compounds that are antioxidants and potassium levels in fruit infused water are not strong enough to control hypertension in metabolic syndrome. In one study, consumption of food sources of potential antioxidants by 1 mmol/day reduced the risk of hypertension by 1.3% (in men) and 1.8% (in women) 45 . In addition, several studies have shown that increasing potassium intake to as needed in the 75-125 mmol (2900-4700 mg/day) range can effectively lower blood pressure 27 .…”