Polyphenols and Pharmacological Screening of a Monarda fistulosa L. dry Extract Based on a Hydrodistilled Residue By-Product

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the composition and content of polyphenols in the dry extract obtained from the hydrodistilled residue by-product of the wild bergamot (Monarda fistulosa L., Lamiaceae Martinov family) herb (MFDE) and to evaluate its safety and pharmacological properties. The total phenolic content (TPC) in the MFDE was 120.64 mg GAE/g. The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed the presence of a plethora of phenolic compounds, including hydroxycinnamic acids and flavone derivatives in the MFDE, with rosmarinic acid and luteolin-7-O-glucoside being the main components. With an IC50 value of 0.285 mg/mL, it was found to be a strong DPPH radical scavenger. The acute toxicity study results indicate that the oral administration of MFDE to rats at the doses of 500–5,000 mg/kg did not produce any side effects or death in animals which indicates its safety. The results of the in vivo assay showed that the MFDE dose-dependently inhibited paw oedema and significantly reduced the number of writings in mice induced by the acetic acid injection suggesting its potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities, respectively. The conducted studies revealed that M. fistulosa hydrodistilled residue by-product could be regarded as a new natural source of polyphenols with valuable pharmacological properties.

Prospects of the Application of Some Species of the Lamiaceae Family and Some Features of the Development of Their Tinctures: Prospects of the Appication of Some Species of the Lamiaceae Family

“…Currently, anti-inflammatory, antitussive, diuretic, anti-asthmatic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, and antipyretic activities of the herbs were revealed. Some species demonstrated even antiviral properties (Karpova et al, 2020;Shanaida et al, 2021a).…”

“…Rosmarinic acid is the major compound of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Dracocephalum moldavica, Ocimum americanum, Satureja hortensis and other herbs of the Lamiaceae family (Shanaida et al, 2018;Shanaida et al, 2021a). Rosmarinic acid is known for its antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunostimulating activities (Hamidpour et al, 2014;Shanaida et al, 2021a). It was established that administration of pure rosmarinic acid at a dose of 25 mg/kg decreased the carrageenin-induced paw oedema in rats at 6 h by over 60 %.…”

Phytochemical and Pharmacological Evaluation of the Residue By-Product Developed from the Ocimum americanum (Lamiaceae) Postdistillation Waste

“…As it is known, the amount of essential oils distilled from herbs or leaves is not higher than 3% [ 13 , 14 ]. Hydrodistillation residues in significant quantities remain after the isolation of volatile compounds from essential oil-bearing plants [ 4 , 13 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. It allows obtaining polyphenols and other non-volatile pharmacologically active substances from the residue by-products.…”

“…However, the optimizing mobile phase in planar chromatography is more difficult to achieve compared to the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The HPLC uses a high pressure to separate, identify, and quantify each component of an analyzed mixture, and using gradient elution significantly optimizes this process [ 18 ].…”

“…Several scientific publications demonstrate that a lot of phenolic compounds and other hydrophilic substances are unused after the process of hydrodistillation of the Lamiaceae representatives [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. Thus, the hydrodistilled residue by-product of Thymus vulgaris L. herb contained up to 105.8 mg/g of rosmarinic acid (RAc) [ 16 ].…”