Polyphyly of the iconic cactus genus Turbinicarpus (Cactaceae) and its generic circumscription

Abstract

Generic circumscription and species relationships in several lineages in Cactaceae tribe Cacteae remain unresolved. Turbinicarpus s.l. is one of the most species-rich genera in Cacteae, with its centre of distribution in the Chihuahuan Desert, Mexico. We reconstructed a phylogenetic tree of Turbinicarpus s.l. with Bayesian inference, using plastid DNA sequences and morphological characters, and inferred biogeographic history in order to understand their relationships. Our results supported the recognition of three different monophyletic lineages: Kadenicarpus, Rapicactus and Turbinicarpus. Kadenicarpus is endemic to the southernmost part of the Chihuahuan Desert in the states of Hidalgo and Querétaro. Rapicactus and Turbinicarpus are distributed in the main region of the Chihuahuan Desert where they have areas of overlap.

Phylogenetic relationships in Coryphantha and implications on Pelecyphora and Escobaria (Cacteae, Cactoideae, Cactaceae)

“…For the genus Coryphantha , we followed the species accepted by Dicht and Lüthy (2005) and those accepted by Arias et al (2012) . Our analyses included mostly new sequences for Coryphantha and complementary sequences previously published ( Butterworth et al 2002 ; Butterworth and Wallace 2004 ; Bárcenas et al 2011 ; Hernández-Hernández et al 2011 ; Fehlberg et al 2013 ; Schwabe et al 2015 ; Kuzmina et al 2017 ; Aquino et al 2019 , and Vázquez-Sánchez et al 2013 , 2019 ) (Appendix 1 ).…”

“…Total DNA extraction was achieved by using the DNeasy plant mini kit (Qiagen, California). We amplified chloroplast markers widely used in phylogenetic reconstruction in Cacteae ( Vázquez-Sánchez et al 2013 , 2019 ). Specifically, we amplified the chloroplast coding regions mat K and rbc L, and the intergenic spacers psb A- trn H and the trnL-trn F (including part of the trn L), and the rpl 16 intron.…”

Diversidad de plantas vasculares de la Provincia Fisiográfica de la Sierra Madre Oriental, México.

“…Se registran 18 géneros endémicos para la SMOr de los cuales 11 coinciden con Rzedowski (2015b) y se añaden cuatro más a los señalados por Salinas-Rodríguez et al (2017), así mismo se añaden dos géneros recientemente sepa-O n l i n e f i r s t rados de Turbinicarpus (Vázquez-Sánchez et al 2019). En orden de riqueza los géneros endémicos son: Turbinicar pus (36 especies), Rapicactus (6), Kadenicarpus (4), Aztekium (3), Mimophytum (3), Strombocactus (3), Geohinto nia, Greenmaniella, Jaimehintonia, Mathiasella, Obregonia, Pseudonemacladus, Rzedowskia, Strotheria, Velascoa, Viereckia, Vigethia y Villarrealia (1 especie cada uno).…”

“…Mammillaria (52 especies), Turbinicarpus (36) y Echinocereus (22), son géneros especialmente diversos en la confluencia de los estados de Nuevo León, Tamaulipas y San Luis Potosí (Hernández et al 2001, Hernández & Gómez-Hinostrosa 2011, Vázquez-Sánchez et al 2013, Hernández & Gómez-Hinostrosa 2015, Guerrero et al 2019, Vázquez-Sánchez et al 2019.…”

The importance of environmental conditions in maintaining lineage identity in Epithelantha (Cactaceae)

“…To study the impact of environmental factors on speciation, we focused on the genus Epithelantha, which due to its moderate diversity and endemicity can serve as a model without the confounding factor of geographic distance. This genus is nested in a clade composed of Ariocarpus, Rapicactus, Strombocactus, Turbinicarpus, and Kadenicarpus (Aquino et al, 2019;Vázquez-Sánchez et al, 2019).…”