The importance of environmental conditions in maintaining lineage identity in <i>Epithelantha</i> (Cactaceae)

Aquino, David; Moreno‐Letelier, Alejandra; González‐Botello, Miguel A.; Arias, Salvador

doi:10.1002/ece3.7347

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Supertextae, four clades are formed, two of which have distinctive climatic and topographic characteristics: Clade S1 (M. haageana, M. albialanta, M. dixanthocentron and M. supertexta), with species that are distributed in warm zones mainly at altitudes ranging from 447 to 2318 meters in thorn and tropical deciduous forests; and Clade S2 (M. haageana, M. albilanata and M. flavicentra), with species that are distributed in temperate zones at altitudes that range mainly from 1285 to 2518 meters in pine-oak forests. The environmental, geological and topographic differences between closely related species produced during climatic changes suggest differential selection pressures and local adaptation, which could have driven the speciation process (Mastretta-Yanes et al 2015;Aquino et al 2021), as has been suggested for Mammillaria pectinifera (Cornejo-Romero et al 2014), Cephalocereus columna-trajani (Cornejo-Romero et al 2017) and the genus Epithelantha (Aquino et al 2021). Mammillaria haageana and M. albilanata represent a complex that extends widely in southern Mexico.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Evaluating the monophyly of Mammillaria series Supertextae (Cactaceae)

Cervantes¹,

Hinojosa-Álvarez²,

Wegier³

et al. 2021

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Mammillaria (Cactaceae) taxonomy has been historically problematic due to the morphological variability and sympatry of the species. This has led to several proposals for infrageneric classification, including subgeneric, section and series categories. Mammillaria ser. Supertextae is one of 15 series and is made up of a variable set of species that are mainly distributed in southern Mexico and Central America. However, the phylogenetic relationships within M. ser. Supertextae and its relationship to other Mammillaria taxa are far from fully understood. Here we attempt to elucidate these relationships using complete terminal sampling and newly obtained chloroplast marker sequences and comparing them to Mammillaria species sequences from GenBank. Our phylogenetic analyses showed that M. ser. Supertextae comprises a well-supported monophyletic group that diverged approximately 2.1 Mya and has M. ser. Polyacanthae as its sister group; however, relationships within M. ser. Supertextae remain unresolved. The topology obtained within M. ser. Supertextae must also be interpreted under the distribution shared by these taxa, but it is difficult to differentiate ancestral polymorphisms from possible introgression, given the short time elapsed and the markers used. Our results show that the infrageneric units of M. haageana and M. albilanata can be considered independent evolutionary units. We also suggest that the relationship between M. haageana and M. albilanata is convoluted because their distribution overlaps (mainly towards southern Mexico), with genetic differences that possibly indicate they represent more than two taxonomic entities. One possible explanation is that there could still be gene flow between these taxa, and we might be witnessing an ongoing speciation process.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Evaluating the monophyly of Mammillaria series Supertextae (Cactaceae)

Cervantes¹,

Hinojosa-Álvarez²,

Wegier³

et al. 2021

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“…This epoch was marked by global climatic changes (Amidon et al, 2016, 2017) and orogenic activity in the Neotropics (París, 2006). Climatic and geomorphological changes might have played an important role in the biome transition and diversification of Cactaceae in xeric areas of South America (Aquino et al, 2021; Bonatelli et al, 2014; Franco, Jojima, et al, 2017; Lavor et al, 2019; Silva, Ribas, et al, 2018). Indeed, the global aridification during the Miocene/Pliocene is highlighted as a driver of diversification for succulent species (Arakaki et al, 2011; Gutiérrez‐Ortega et al, 2018; Hebert et al, 2016; Horn et al, 2014; Hurbath et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking the xeric biomes of South America: The spatiotemporal diversification of Mandacaru cactus

Amaral

Minhós-Yano

Oliveira

et al. 2021

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim The interconnectedness and biotic interchange among Neotropical biomes are thought to play an important role in driving adaptation and diversification. However, how these processes are in synteny to trait evolution in species of open and xeric areas is poorly studied. Here, we investigate the spatial and temporal dimensions of evolution and candidate traits associated with biome shifts in xeric vegetation, focusing on the family Cactaceae. Location Xeric and open areas of South America. Taxon Genus Cereus Mill. (Cactaceae, Cereeae). Methods We applied biogeographical reconstructions on a time‐calibrated phylogeny inferred from multilocus data (ddRAD‐Seq) using Bayesian analyses on BEAST2, species distribution modelling in Maxent, the reconstruction of biome affinities and niche shift analyses based on abiotic traits (climate and soil) using Mk‐model in BioGeoBEARS, and phenotypic trait‐based analysis in Mesquite. Results The Cerrado domain is the ancestral area of Cereus, with most diversification events occurring in a time of intense orogenesis, climatic changes, and marine regressions within the last 5 Mya. Events of biome transition from the seasonally dry tropical forest (SDTF) were also associated with trait and niche shifts. Main conclusions The diversification of the xerophyte genus Cereus is associated with the climatic and geomorphological instabilities of the Pliocene and Pleistocene epochs. The Cerrado domain states an important region of dispersal for the genus. Some geographical range movements involved biome shifts associated with niche evolution while others were restricted to a simple biogeographical transition without niche change. Particular clades that experienced biome shifts displayed some phenotypic state changes, suggesting a role of biotic traits for environment transition. The results observed in Cereus may be a biogeographical pattern that should be tested with other cactus species, such as Pilosocereus spp., or species of xeric habitats, such as Annonaceae and Vochysiaceae.

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“…It is likely that other soil characteristics, such as pH and salinity, might be important predictors of diversity. Recently, Aquino et al (2021) used a detailed Mexican soil database to highlight the relevance of soil pH in explaining patterns of distribution of the cactus genus Epithelantha .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial patterns of evolutionary diversity in Cactaceae show low ecological representation within protected areas

Amaral

Bonatelli

Romeiro-Brito

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Mapping biodiversity patterns across taxa and environments is crucial to address the evolutionary and ecological dimensions of species distribution, suggesting areas of particular importance for conservation purposes. Within Cactaceae, spatial diversity patterns are poorly explored, as well as the abiotic factors that may predict these patterns. We gathered geographic and genetic data from 922 cactus species, which are tightly associated with drylands, to evaluate diversity patterns, such as phylogenetic diversity and endemism, paleo-, neo-, and superendemism, and the environmental predictor variables of such patterns in a global analysis. Hotspot areas of cacti diversity are scattered along the Neotropical and Nearctic regions, mainly in the desertic portion of Mesoamerica, Caribbean Island, and the dry diagonal of South America. The geomorphological features of these regions may create a complexity of areas that work as locally buffered zones over time, which triggers local events of diversification and speciation. Desert and dryland/dry forest areas comprise paleo- and superendemism and may act as both museums and cradles of species, displaying great importance for conservation. Past climates, topography, soil features, and solar irradiance seem to be the main predictors of distinct endemism types. The hotspot areas that encompass a major part of the endemism cells are outside or poorly covered by formal protection units. The current legally protected areas are not able to conserve cactus evolutionary history. Given the rapid anthropogenic disturbance, efforts must be reinforced to monitor biodiversity and the environment and to define/plan current and new protected areas.

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The importance of environmental conditions in maintaining lineage identity in Epithelantha (Cactaceae)

Cited by 16 publications

References 46 publications

Evaluating the monophyly of Mammillaria series Supertextae (Cactaceae)

Evaluating the monophyly of Mammillaria series Supertextae (Cactaceae)

Tracking the xeric biomes of South America: The spatiotemporal diversification of Mandacaru cactus

Spatial patterns of evolutionary diversity in Cactaceae show low ecological representation within protected areas

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