Polypyrrole: An electrochemically synthesized conducting organic polymer

Kanazawa, K. Keiji; Diaz, A. F.; Gill, W. D.; Grant, P. M.; Street, G. B.; Gardini, G. P.; Kwak, J. F.

doi:10.1016/0379-6779(80)90022-3

Cited by 467 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17) include structural information of the reacting molecules. The polymer structure relaxes, swells, shrinks, closes, and packs driven by the reactions.…”

Section: Experimental Results Overlap Theoretical Predictionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11 From the Tafel (E vs log i) slope at the very beginning of the monomer oxidation on clean metal electrodes the transfer of one electron per monomeric unit was obtained: this is the origin of the generally accepted poly-condensation mechanism (Fig. 2, first line) of the generated radical-cations, the polymerization rate being: [12][13][14] R P = kM (1) where R P is the polymerization rate as moles of monomer reacting per unit of volume and unit of time, k is the polymerization reaction constant, and [M] is the initial monomeric concentration in solution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biomimetic Conducting Polymers: Synthesis, Materials, Properties, Functions, and Devices

Otero

2013

Polymer Reviews

131

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Electro-generations of conducting polymers are fast processes through a complex mechanism of parallel reactions giving mixed materials. The films are three-dimensional electrochemical reactors: reactive macromolecules, ions, and solvent. The film composition and its related properties reviewed here change by oxidation/reduction along several orders of magnitude under control. One reaction shifts different properties (multifunctionality). In one device several reaction driven tools, actuators and sensor, work simultaneously (full integration

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“…(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17) include structural information of the reacting molecules. The polymer structure relaxes, swells, shrinks, closes, and packs driven by the reactions.…”

Section: Experimental Results Overlap Theoretical Predictionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomimetic Conducting Polymers: Synthesis, Materials, Properties, Functions, and Devices

Otero

2013

Polymer Reviews

131

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“…The first electrochemically synthesized polypyrrole was crumbly and showed very low conductivity of around 8 S cm -1 [44,45]. Importance of electrochemically obtained polymer films was highlighted when continuous stable films, with a higher electronic conductivity (100  -1 cm -1…”

Section: Electrochemical Synthesis Of Polypyrrolementioning

confidence: 99%

Electroconducting materials based on polypyrrole

Porjazoska-Kujundziski¹,

Chamovska²,

Grchev³

2016

Zas Mat

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“…Polypyrrole is one of the most studied of all known conducting polymer films [1][2][3][4]. It has been electrochemically deposited along with a range of anions such as [Fe(CN) 6 ] 4- [5], dodecylbenzenesulphonate [6,7], and cobalt derivatives [8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Electrochemical Investigation into a Series of Tricyanovinylated Pyrrole Moieties

McCormac¹,

Farrell²,

Browne

et al. 2004

Electroanalysis

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The electrochemical behaviour of three tri-cyanovinylated pyrrole species namely, 2-tricyanovinyl-pyrrole (C 4 H 4 N-C 5 N 3 ), 2-tricyanovinyl-N-methylpyrrole (C 5 H 6 N-C 5 N 3 ) and 2-tricyanovinyl-N-phenylpyrrole (C 10 H 8 N-C 5 N 3 ), has been studied. All compounds were found to exhibit both an irreversible oxidation at more positive potentials compared to the unsubstituted monomer species and a reversible reduction redox couple associated with reduction of the co-ordinated cyano ligands. The latter reductions of the tricyanovinylated compounds to their radical anions at platinum, carbon and gold electrodes in acetonitrile solution have been studied by cyclic voltammetry, using a variety of supporting electrolytes.The half-wave potentials for each compound were found to be dependent upon the supporting electrolyte but independent of the nature of the electrode surface. This is attributed to ion-pairing between the anions and the alkali metal cations. The reduction based redox processes for the C 10 H 8 N-C 5 N 3 and C 5 H 6 N-C 5 N 3 compounds were found to be facile in nature and independent of both the nature of the electrolyte and electrode surface. However the reduction of C 4 H 4 N-C 5 N 3 was found to be irreversible in nature. Attempts were made to elucidate, by both electrochemical and spectroscopic means, the structure of the products obtained upon oxidation of the tricyanovinylated compounds.Keywords: pyrrole, tricyanovinylated, heterogeneous rate constants, irreversible oxidation * to whom correspondence should be addressed 2 ** School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland. IntroductionPolypyrrole is one of the most studied of all known conducting polymer films [1][2][3][4]. It has been electrochemically deposited along with a range of anions such as [Fe(CN) dodecylbenzenesulphonate [6,7], and cobalt derivatives [8][9][10]. Generally species incorporated into conducting polymers have existed as anions in solution. Previously Blackwood et al [11] incorporated the well-known electron acceptor molecule, tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), into various conducting polypyrrole films. The reason this was attempted was the due to the employment of conducting polypyrrole films for gas sensing. The presence of the electron acceptor within the polymeric film would enable the authors to elucidate when the gas molecule interacts with the polymeric backbone is it acting as an electron acceptor or donor.Also polymer films doped with TCNQ have been studied by reflectance infrared spectroscopy when deposited in the presence of BF 4 - [12]. As a result of the work by these authors [11,12] and our interest in the use of conducting polymeric films within the field of gas sensing, we attempted to incorporate another well-known electron acceptor, tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) the strong π-acid, into a variety of polypyrrole films during the electropolymerisation step.Investigations within our group have shown that the TCNE molecule attacks the pyrrole ring through the α-position leading to...

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Polypyrrole: An electrochemically synthesized conducting organic polymer

Cited by 467 publications

References 6 publications

Biomimetic Conducting Polymers: Synthesis, Materials, Properties, Functions, and Devices

Biomimetic Conducting Polymers: Synthesis, Materials, Properties, Functions, and Devices

Electroconducting materials based on polypyrrole

An Electrochemical Investigation into a Series of Tricyanovinylated Pyrrole Moieties

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