Polypyrrole films functionalized with pendant titanocene dichloride complexes: Ellipsometric study of the electropolymerization process

An ellipsometric study of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) electrosynthesis – from the initial stages to thick layers formation

“…2, simultaneously to current transients, the evolution of the ellipsometric parameters has been noted down. The overall shape of the curves, very distinct of data reported for the preparation of low conducting polymers [29,30], is comparable to that obtained for the electrosynthesis of polymers with high conductivity, e.g. poly(3-methylthiophene) [22,38], but in the present study a larger amplitude of signals variation is observed.…”

“…In order to estimate the optical properties and polymer film thickness evolution along the deposition, the usual and well succeeded procedure [29,22,35,42,43] consisting in the fit of the experimental data to D vs. W curves generated from a theoretical model has been employed. First, the three-phase model (solution, film, substrate) [41] was used to simulate the growth of a single homogeneous layer on the electrode surface.…”

“…Ellipsometric investigations on the electropolymerization of other thiophene derivatives from organic media, revealed the occurrence of structural polymer modifications upon thickening [21,27,28], feature that has also been observed for other ECP [29][30][31]. Thus, the homogeneous or heterogeneous character of PEDOTh film prepared from non-aqueous solution is a open question.…”

Metallocene-containing conjugated polymers

“…The SEM, STM and AFM images of the deposited films as well as ellipsometry studies [472] demonstrated their very uniform morphology, with a very low surface roughness [94,470]. The redox response of the polymer matrix was rapid and stable, the shape of the voltammetric response being very similar to poly(N-methylpyrrole) in the same electrolyte, despite of the presence of a bulky metallocene group attached to each pyrrole unit.…”

Mechanisms of Electropolymerization and Redox Activity: Fundamental Aspects

“…Such studies have shown that for carefully chosen conditions (e.g., for sufficiently low monomer concentration and slow polymerization rate) the deposition in the course of the CV procedure takes place in a stabilized manner, that is, the mass and the thickness of the film increase proportionally to the number of potential cycles [19,20]. It implies a constancy of the factor, f polym , in the course of the whole process.…”