Polysaccharides Cell Wall Architecture of Mucorales

Lecointe, Karine; Cornu, Marjorie; Leroy, Jordan; Coulon, Pauline; Sendid, Boualem

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.00469

Cited by 43 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Two classic examples of this are the Cryptococcus neoformans capsule and the Aspergillus spore hydrophobin layer, which effectively block phagocytosis by preventing detection of MAMPs (15,16,(27)(28)(29)(30). However, there is no evidence of hydrophobins in the R. microsporus genome, and evidence of cell wall remodelling that masks MAMPs is limited to the hyphal phase (31). Moreover, R. microsporus has a slow germination rate, and produces relatively low biomass, which are predicted to reduce fungal virulence (3,4,21,(32)(33)(34).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental interactions with amoebae as drivers of bacterial-fungal endosymbiosis and pathogenicity

Itabangi

Pcs

Zhou

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Environmentally ubiquitous fungal spores of the Mucorales order cause acute invasive infections through germination and evasion of the mammalian host immune system. Early phagocyte control of spore germination plays a key role in controlling infection, yet swelling Mucorales spores evade phagocytosis through an unknown mechanism. Here we investigate fungal immune evasion in a clinical isolate of Rhizopus microsporus and reveal the role of a bacterial endosymbiont, Ralsonia pickettii, in fungal pathogenesis. Analysis of phagocytosis rates in wild type and cured fungal isolates demonstrates a role for the endosymbiont in immune cell evasion through disruption of the cytoskeleton and phagosome maturation. Further analysis of bacterial secreted products revealed the presence of a previously uncharacterized secondary metabolite whose production is induced by the presence of the fungus. Analysis of the bacterial genome and condition-dependent RNAseq implicate a cryptic type I polyketide synthase. Subsequent analysis of wild type and cured spores in a zebrafish larvae model of infection demonstrate a role for the endosymbiont in suppressing macrophage and neutrophil recruitment to the site of infection. Finally, we demonstrate that this has implications for fungal clearance in an immunocompetent murine model of infection. Together, these findings identify for the first time a role for a bacterial endosymbiont in the pathogenesis of Rhizopus microsporus during animal infection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental interactions with amoebae as drivers of bacterial-fungal endosymbiosis and pathogenicity

Itabangi

Pcs

Zhou

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…Also chitin recovery from C. bertholletiae did not differ significantly from literature results 25 . Since literature data report a high chitosan/chitin ratio in mucoromycetes 26,27 , we were not surprised to extract a large amount of chitosan from C. bertholletiae, but-unexpectedly-this fungus also provided a relevant major amount of chitin, which was indeed about 46 times more abundant than chitosan in terms of percent yield. Lastly, a very high chitosan yield was also surprisingly obtained from T. viride, even if ascomycota cell walls are reported to be richer in chitin 26,27 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Since literature data report a high chitosan/chitin ratio in mucoromycetes 26,27 , we were not surprised to extract a large amount of chitosan from C. bertholletiae, but-unexpectedly-this fungus also provided a relevant major amount of chitin, which was indeed about 46 times more abundant than chitosan in terms of percent yield. Lastly, a very high chitosan yield was also surprisingly obtained from T. viride, even if ascomycota cell walls are reported to be richer in chitin 26,27 . Such differences between expected and actual yields may be ascribed to several causes: growth conditions and strain-specific features may have a major role, but we cannot exclude that the changes we introduced to the extraction protocol differently affect chitin and chitosan extraction efficiency.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Extraction of short chain chitooligosaccharides from fungal biomass and their use as promoters of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis

Crosino

Moscato

Blangetti

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Short chain chitooligosaccharides (COs) are chitin derivative molecules involved in plant-fungus signaling during arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) interactions. In host plants, COs activate a symbiotic signalling pathway that regulates AM-related gene expression. Furthermore, exogenous CO application was shown to promote AM establishment, with a major interest for agricultural applications of AM fungi as biofertilizers. Currently, the main source of commercial COs is from the shrimp processing industry, but purification costs and environmental concerns limit the convenience of this approach. In an attempt to find a low cost and low impact alternative, this work aimed to isolate, characterize and test the bioactivity of COs from selected strains of phylogenetically distant filamentous fungi: Pleurotus ostreatus, Cunninghamella bertholletiae and Trichoderma viride. Our optimized protocol successfully isolated short chain COs from lyophilized fungal biomass. Fungal COs were more acetylated and displayed a higher biological activity compared to shrimp-derived COs, a feature that—alongside low production costs—opens promising perspectives for the large scale use of COs in agriculture.

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“…Illustrated here is the partially known component of the Mucorales sporangiospore. To date, the cell wall has been shown to consist of chitin/chitosan, β-1,3-glucans, mannan, mannose, extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) and other polysaccharides, e.g., mucoran and mucoric acid (hyphae); figure adapted from [170,171].…”

Section: The Cell Wall Composition Of Mucorales In Comparison To Othementioning

confidence: 99%

Iron Assimilation during Emerging Infections Caused by Opportunistic Fungi with emphasis on Mucorales and the Development of Antifungal Resistance

Stanford

Voigt

2020

Genes

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Iron is a key transition metal required by most microorganisms and is prominently utilised in the transfer of electrons during metabolic reactions. The acquisition of iron is essential and becomes a crucial pathogenic event for opportunistic fungi. Iron is not readily available in the natural environment as it exists in its insoluble ferric form, i.e., in oxides and hydroxides. During infection, the host iron is bound to proteins such as transferrin, ferritin, and haemoglobin. As such, access to iron is one of the major hurdles that fungal pathogens must overcome in an immunocompromised host. Thus, these opportunistic fungi utilise three major iron acquisition systems to overcome this limiting factor for growth and proliferation. To date, numerous iron acquisition pathways have been fully characterised, with key components of these systems having major roles in virulence. Most recently, proteins involved in these pathways have been linked to the development of antifungal resistance. Here, we provide a detailed review of our current knowledge of iron acquisition in opportunistic fungi, and the role iron may have on the development of resistance to antifungals with emphasis on species of the fungal basal lineage order Mucorales, the causative agents of mucormycosis.

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Polysaccharides Cell Wall Architecture of Mucorales

Cited by 43 publications

References 47 publications

Environmental interactions with amoebae as drivers of bacterial-fungal endosymbiosis and pathogenicity

Environmental interactions with amoebae as drivers of bacterial-fungal endosymbiosis and pathogenicity

Extraction of short chain chitooligosaccharides from fungal biomass and their use as promoters of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis

Iron Assimilation during Emerging Infections Caused by Opportunistic Fungi with emphasis on Mucorales and the Development of Antifungal Resistance

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