Polysaccharides from cyanobacteria

Bertocchi, Claudia; Navarini, Luciano; Cesàro, Attilio; Anastasio, Maurizio

doi:10.1016/0144-8617(90)90015-k

Cited by 140 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…On the other side, the presence of hydrophobic monosaccharides, such as the deoxysugars fucose and rhamnose, is known to increase the gluing properties of the EPSs, making easier their adhesion to solid substrates such as soil particles (Rossi et al, 2012a). Moreover, the presence of a large number of different monosaccharides in the EPSs of the IBSCs provides a wide array of carbon sources to the heterotrophic microflora living in the soil (Bertocchi et al, 1990;Mager and Thomas, 2011;Rossi et al, 2012b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In some cases, the amount of these substances was reckoned to represent up to 500% of the cell biomass (Chenu, 1993). Complex high molecular weight (HMW) polymers are degraded by the soil biota to simple sugars such as glucose, galactose (Gross et al, 1998;Brüll et al, 2000;De Brouwer and Stal, 2001) and fructose, which can be readily utilized as carbon source or energy reserve (Bertocchi et al, 1990) by the crustal microbial community and/or by adjacent plants. Indeed, C from EPSs was demonstrated to be the primary substrate respired in the pulse of CO 2 typically observed in dry lands after rainfall events (Thomas et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Macromolecular and chemical features of the excreted extracellular polysaccharides in induced biological soil crusts of different ages

Chen

Rossi

Deng

et al. 2014

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macromolecular and chemical features of the excreted extracellular polysaccharides in induced biological soil crusts of different ages

Chen

Rossi

Deng

et al. 2014

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

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“…However, the nomenclature of the diff erent layers is somewhat misleading since there is no constant use of terms in the literature. In this review we will follow the terms used by Bertocchi et al (1990), De Philippis and Vincenzini (1998), and Nicolaus et al (1999.…”

Section: The Exopolysaccharide Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyanobacterial defense mechanisms against foreign DNA transfer and their impact on genetic engineering

2013

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SUMMARYCyanobacteria display a large diversity of cellular forms ranging from unicellular to complex multicellular fi laments or aggregates. Species in the group present a wide range of metabolic characteristics including the fi xation of atmospheric nitrogen, resistance to extreme environments, production of hydrogen, secondary metabolites and exopolysaccharides. These characteristics led to the growing interest in cyanobacteria across the fi elds of ecology, evolution, cell biology and biotechnology. The number of available cyanobacterial genome sequences has increased considerably in recent years, with more than 140 fully sequenced genomes to date. Genetic engineering of cyanobacteria is widely applied to the model unicellular strains Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942. However the establishment of transformation protocols in many other cyanobacterial strains is challenging. One obstacle to the development of these novel model organisms is that many species have doubling times of 48 h or more, much longer than the bacterial models E. coli or B. subtilis. Furthermore, cyanobacterial defense mechanisms against foreign DNA pose a physical and biochemical barrier to DNA insertion in most strains. Here we review the various barriers to DNA uptake in the context of lateral gene transfer among microbes and the various mechanisms for DNA acquisition within the prokaryotic domain. Understanding the cyanobacterial defense mechanisms is expected to assist in the development and establishment of novel transformation protocols that are specifi cally suitable for this group.

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“…This becomes even more impressive, when compared to soil organic C contents of other BSC dominated habitats like the Andes with 4-8 % (Pérez 1997) or 1 % of the Kalahari sand (Mager 2010 Nevertheless, the contribution of C from active photosynthetic organisms (apC) to the total C seems to be in a low range (2-3 %), which is probably linked to the methodological drawback of CLSM in terms of C determination, neglecting the EPS made of carbohydrates. Through their photosynthetic activity cyanobacteria can increase the C content within the BSC in the form of carbohydrates, this acts as an energy source that can be readily utilized by other soil organisms (Bertocchi et al, 1990). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BSCs are considered a major source of soil organic C in for example, semiarid ecosystems (Evans and Lange 2003;Housman et al, 2006), accumulating C as carbohydrates in EPS and as energy reserves for cells through their photosynthetic mechanism (Bertocchi et al, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncovering biological soil crusts: Carbon content and structure of intact Arctic, Antarctic and alpine biological soil crusts

Jung¹,

Briegel-Williams²,

Simon³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Abstract. Arctic, Antarctic and alpine biological soil crusts (BSCs) are formed by adhesion of soil particles to exopolysaccharides (EPS), excreted by cyanobacterial and green algal communities, the pioneers and main producers in these habitats. These BSCs provide and influence many ecosystem services such as soil erodibility, soil formation and Nitrogen-(N) as well as carbon-(C) cycles. In cold environments degradation rates are low and BSCs increase continuously soil organic C, whereby these soils are considered as CO2 sinks. This work provides a novel, non-destructive and highly comparable method 15 to investigate intact BSCs with a focus on cyanobacteria and green algae and their contribution to soil organic C. A new terminology arose, based on confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) 2D biomaps, dividing BSCs into a photosynthetic active layer (PAL), made of active photoautotrophic organisms and a photosynthetic inactive layer (PIL), harbouring remnants of cyanobacteria and green algae glued together by their remaining EPS. By the application of CLSM image analysis (CLSM-IA) to 3D biomaps, C coming from photosynthetic active organisms could be visualized as depth profiles with C peaks at 0.5 20 to 2 mm depth. Additionally, the CO2 sink character of these cold soil habitats dominated by BSCs could be highlighted, demonstrating that the first cm³ of soil is made of between 7 and 17 % total organic carbon, identified by loss on ignition.

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Polysaccharides from cyanobacteria

Cited by 140 publications

References 30 publications

Macromolecular and chemical features of the excreted extracellular polysaccharides in induced biological soil crusts of different ages

Macromolecular and chemical features of the excreted extracellular polysaccharides in induced biological soil crusts of different ages

Cyanobacterial defense mechanisms against foreign DNA transfer and their impact on genetic engineering

Uncovering biological soil crusts: Carbon content and structure of intact Arctic, Antarctic and alpine biological soil crusts

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