Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Potential Therapeutic Role in Cardiovascular System Disorders—A Review

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases are described as the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in modern societies. Therefore, the importance of cardiovascular diseases prevention is widely reflected in the increasing number of reports on the topic among the key scientific research efforts of the recent period. The importance of essential fatty acids (EFAs) has been recognized in the fields of cardiac science and cardiac medicine, with the significant effects of various fatty acids having been confirmed by experimental studies. Polyunsaturated fatty acids are considered to be important versatile mediators for improving and maintaining human health over the entire lifespan, however, only the cardiac effect has been extensively documented. Recently, it has been shown that omega-3 fatty acids may play a beneficial role in several human pathologies, such as obesity and diabetes mellitus type 2, and are also associated with a reduced incidence of stroke and atherosclerosis, and decreased incidence of cardiovascular diseases. A reasonable diet and wise supplementation of omega-3 EFAs are essential in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases prevention and treatment.

Lactobacillus acidophilus and L. plantarum improve health status, modulate gut microbiota and innate immune response of marron (Cherax cainii)

“…The bacteria recently been characterized from Tropical gar fish (Atractosteus tropicus) where its positive role on fish adaptation and survival has been described 62 . Paracoccus species identified from turbot (Scophthalmus maximus), European flounder (Platichthys flesus) and wild common dab (Limanda limanda) gut were found strongly correlated to high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) that have potential health benefit effects on aquatic animals as well as on humans, especially the role of PUFA in liver and brain function, inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, obesity and diabetes has been widely documented [63][64][65] . Another genus Luteolibacter is described to play a positive role in Lactobacillus colonization in the fish gut, however, the mechanism is not clearly stated yet 66,67 .…”

Effect of partial replacement of meat by carrot on physicochemical properties and fatty acid profile of fresh turkey sausages: a chemometric approach

“…35 The PUFAs are considered to be anticholesterolemic, although their beneficial effects depend on the ratio of omega 6 (n-6) to omega 3 (n-3) fatty acids. 36,37 In this regard, t, his ratio is different depending on the area being considered the n-6/n-3 ratios varied between 4 (Japan) and 38-50 (India), whilst Europe and US present generally intermediate levels, being 15 and 16.74, respectively. 38 Overall, when considering the individual fatty acid composition of the re-formulated sausages (i.e., Carrot 10, Carrot 20, and Carrot 30) (Table 4), we observed an abundance of oleic acid (C18:1n-9; on average: 35.25%), followed by palmitic acid (C16:0; on average: 23.02%), linoleic acid (C18:2n-6; on average: 19.69%), stearic acid (C18:0; on average: 7.08%), and palmitoleic acid (C16:1n-7; on average: 5.74%).…”

The effect of feed restriction on the fat profile of Santa Inês lamb meat

“…These authors report that the AI and TI highlight the importance of unsaturated lipids for addressing issues resulting from the excessive intake of saturated lipids. All UFA with one or several double bonds contribute to decreasing these indices, indicating the potential stimulation of platelet aggregation, that is, the lower these values are, the higher the amount of anti-atherogenic fatty acids present in a specific fat tissue and the lower the potential to prevent the onset of coronary heart disease (Aguiar et al, 2017;Sokoła-Wysoczanska, 2018). In the present study, the subcutaneous fat showed a significantly lower (p < 0.05) TI, followed by the intramuscular and intermuscular fat.…”