Polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3, n-6)

Nestel, P. J.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/45.5.1161

Cited by 72 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Thus, care may be taken of the ingestion of n-3 fatty acid in aged animals. Cholesterol homeostasis seems to be more susceptible to dietary ma nipulation and the ratio of dietary n-3 to n -6 fatty acids may be more important in determining the concentration of serum lip ids in adult than in young animals [20][21][22], In the present study, the hypocholestéro lémie effect of y-linolenate in relation to linoleate was not found in both ages of rats, presumably due to the use of diets free of cholesterol [2],…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Effects of Dietary Alpha- and Gamma-Linolenic Acid on Lipid Metabolism in Young and Adult Rats

Choi¹,

Sugano²

1988

Ann Nutr Metab

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The effect of age on lipid metabolism was studied in rats fed diets containing saffiower oil (SFO, 78% linoleic acid), evening primrose oil (EPO, 9.4% γ-linolenic acid and 70% linoleic acid) or the mixture of saffiower and linseed oil (SLO, 10.2% α-linolenic acid and 68% linoleic acid). The activity of hepatic HMG-CoA reductase declined with age in all groups. In adult rats, the reductase activity was high in the EPO group and low in the SLO group. The activity of hepatic cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase was independent of the diet or age. Hepatic Δ⁶-desaturase activity was low in adult rats fed EPO. In liver microsomal phospholipids, the percentage of 22:5 n-6 decreased while that of 22:6 n-3 increased with age. The ratio of linoleate metabolites to linoleate was high in the EPO group and low in the SLO group. Liver and serum cholesterol increased with age only in rats fed the SLO diet. Thus, the results indicated an enhanced susceptibility to dietary fats with age.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Effects of Dietary Alpha- and Gamma-Linolenic Acid on Lipid Metabolism in Young and Adult Rats

Choi¹,

Sugano²

1988

Ann Nutr Metab

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“…The main sources for these fatty acids are marine oils and ®sh. In some studies the intake of marine oils (Nestel, 1987) and ®sh (Kromhout et al, 1985;Daviglus et al, 1997) are associated with reduced risk for coronary heart disease (CHD), although this has not been observed in other studies (Vollset et al, 1985;Morris et al, 1995;Ascherio et al, 1995). Of four prospective studies reporting intake of n-3 fatty acids from ®sh, one found an inverse association (Dolecek, 1992), another reported a positive association (Pietinen et al, 1997) and the others reported no signi®cant association to CHD (Morris et al, 1995;Ascherio et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Intake of very-long-chain n-3 fatty acids related to social status and lifestyle

et al. 1998

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Objectives: Little information is available about the intake of very-long-chain n-3 fatty acids in random samples of populations. We examined if the intake of these fatty acids was associated with gender, social status and lifestyle in a similar way as other indicators for a healthy diet in a nationwide survey. Design and subjects: Data were obtained from self-administered quantitative food frequency questionnaires ®lled in by a representative sample of Norwegian men and women, aged 16 ± 79 y. 3144 (63%) of the invited subjects responded with acceptable questionnaires. Results: Daily intake of very-long-chain n-3 fatty acids was on average 0.9 gad and 0.4% of total energy was derived from these fatty acids. Energy derived from very-long-chain n-3 fatty acids was slightly higher among men than women, and two-fold higher among subjects aged 60 ± 79 vs 16 ± 29 y. White collar workers had higher intake of very-long-chain n-3 fatty acids than blue collar workers. Men and women in the highest quartile of intake of very-long-chain n-3 fatty acids had 2 ± 3 E% higher fat intake (mostly mono-and polyunsaturated fatty acids), as compared to individuals in the lowest quartile. They also had 3 ± 4 fold higher daily intake of retinol and vitamin D, as well as 20 ± 50% higher intake of fruits and vegetables, dietary ®bre and vitamin C. Conclusions: Intake of very-long-chain n-3 fatty acids was correlated to indicators for healthy dietary habits. However, contrary to many other indicators of a healthy diet, energy derived from very-long-chain n-3 fatty acids was not signi®cantly associated with female gender or non-smoking.

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“…When attempting to lower serum choles terol levels, reducing the intake of dietary cho lesterol and saturated fat and increas ing the use of polyunsaturated (PUFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) are most beneficial [1,2]. The decrease in serum total cholesterol (TC) should be directed at low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and not at high-density lipoprotein cholester ol (HDL-C) which is considered to have anti atherogenic effects [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Replacement of Margarine on Bread by Rapeseed and Olive Oils: Effects on Plasma Fatty Acid Composition and Serum Cholesterol

Seppänen‐Laakso¹,

Vanhanen²,

Laakso³

et al. 1993

Ann Nutr Metab

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The effects of zero erucic acid rapeseed oil and olive oil on plasma fatty acid composition and serum cholesterol were studied in margarine users (n = 46). The replacement of margarine on bread by these oils accounted, on average, for 16 % of the total fat and 7% of the total energy intake. Fatty acid analysis of total plasma indicated a dose-dependent rise in α-linolenic (α-LLA) and oleic acid (OA) levels during rapeseed and olive oil substitutions, respectively. Rapeseed oil substitution increased the proportion of eicosapentaenoic acid (0.4 %-units, on average) in plasma phospholipids. A slight decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C, 4.5%, p < 0.01) led to a significantly higher HDL-C/total cholesterol (TC) ratio (1.9 %-units). The results suggest a marked competitive effect for α-LLA, not only among plasma phospholipid fatty acids, but also in the relationships with serum lipids, since the changes in α-LLA, rather than in OA, were associated with those in LDL-C and the HDL-C/TC ratio. No competitive action of polyunsaturated acids comparable to rapeseed oil was found during olive oil substitution. In contrast to the rapeseed oil diet, the reduced proportion of linoleic acid (LA) in plasma phospholipids was not restored; this may be unfavorable if the habitual intake of LA is low. However, the effects on LDL-C levels were beneficial: the concentration decreased by 5.9% (p < 0.01), correlating inversely with the increase in OA. In addition, the concentration of HDL-C remained unchanged during olive oil substitution.

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Polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3, n-6)

Cited by 72 publications

References 43 publications

Effects of Dietary Alpha- and Gamma-Linolenic Acid on Lipid Metabolism in Young and Adult Rats

Effects of Dietary Alpha- and Gamma-Linolenic Acid on Lipid Metabolism in Young and Adult Rats

Intake of very-long-chain n-3 fatty acids related to social status and lifestyle

Replacement of Margarine on Bread by Rapeseed and Olive Oils: Effects on Plasma Fatty Acid Composition and Serum Cholesterol

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