Polyurethane Based Materials for the Production of Biomedical Materials

Covolan, Vera L.; Ponzio, Roberta Di; Chiellini, Federica; Fernandes, Elizabeth Grillo; Solaro, Roberto; Chiellini, Emo

doi:10.1002/masy.200451428

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…In 1937, Otto Bayer discovered that diisocyanates and aliphatic diols (glycols) reacted to produce a material useful as a plastic or as a fiber (Covolan et al, 2004;Sharmin and Zafar, 2012). This material, called polyurethane (PU), is named such due to the urethane bond joining their monomers.…”

Section: Polyurethane Elastomermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since Bayer's discovery, the synthesis of polyurethanes has expanded to include the reactions of many more isocyanates and diols (two hydroxyl groups)/polyols (multiple hydroxyl groups) to produce a large range of different physical properties through the combination of hard and soft segments (Chalian and Phillips, 1974;Goldberg et al, 1978;Craig et al, 1980;Affrossman et al, 1991;Covolan et al, 2004).…”

Section: Chemistry Of Polyurethane and Fabrication In Prostheticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is possible to achieve this process of crosslinking at 100 • C, allowing the use of dental stone molds and thereby lowering the cost of prosthetic production (Craig et al, 1980). Often, diisocyanate-terminated pre-polymers are prepared in an initial stage, as shown in Figure 5d (Covolan et al, 2004). These pre-polymers are then joined through the use of a highly reactive diol chain extender/crosslinker (Goldberg et al, 1978;Covolan et al, 2004).…”

Section: Chemistry Of Polyurethane and Fabrication In Prostheticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advancements in Soft-Tissue Prosthetics Part B: The Chemistry of Imitating Life

Cruz

Ross

Powell

et al. 2020

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Each year, congenital defects, trauma or cancer often results in considerable physical disfigurement for many people worldwide. This adversely impacts their psychological, social and economic outlook, leading to poor life experiences and negative health outcomes. In many cases of soft tissue disfigurement, highly personalized prostheses are available to restore both aesthetics and function. As discussed in part A of this review, key to the success of any soft tissue prosthetic is the fundamental properties of the materials. This determines the maximum attainable level of aesthetics, attachment mechanisms, fabrication complexity, cost, and robustness. Since the earlymid 20th century, polymers have completely replaced natural materials in prosthetics, with advances in both material properties and fabrication techniques leading to significantly improved capabilities. In part A, we discussed the history of polymers in prosthetics, their ideal properties, and the application of polymers in prostheses for the ear, nose, eye, breast and finger. We also reviewed the latest developments in advanced manufacturing and 3D printing, including different fabrication technologies and new and upcoming materials. In this review, Part B, we detail the chemistry of the most commonly used synthetic polymers in soft tissue prosthetics; silicone, acrylic resin, vinyl polymer, and polyurethane elastomer. For each polymer, we briefly discuss their history before detailing their chemistry and fabrication processes. We also discuss degradation of the polymer in the context of their application in prosthetics, including time and weathering, the impact of skin secretions, microbial growth and cleaning and disinfecting. Although advanced manufacturing promises new fabrication capabilities using exotic synthetic polymers with programmable material properties, silicones and acrylics remain the most commonly used materials in prosthetics today. As research in this field progresses, development of new variations and fabrication techniques based on these synthetic polymers will lead to even better and more robust soft tissue prosthetics, with improved lifelike aesthetics and lower cost manufacturing.

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Section: Polyurethane Elastomermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chemistry Of Polyurethane and Fabrication In Prostheticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chemistry Of Polyurethane and Fabrication In Prostheticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Advancements in Soft-Tissue Prosthetics Part B: The Chemistry of Imitating Life

Cruz

Ross

Powell

et al. 2020

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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“…The biomedical superiorities of the PUs include perfect anti-coagulant properties, good biocompatibility, excellent toughness and elasticity, good wear resistance, no teratogenic alteration in clinical application, and so on. [6][7][8][9][10] The microphase separation of PUs is greatly influenced by the miscibility of the starting compounds, the structure and the molar mass distribution of the segments, the average block lengths, and the ratio of hard to soft segments. 11 Many methods, for example, polarized optical microscope (POM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), [12][13][14][15][16] atomic force microscopy (AFM), 11,17 differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), 18 Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) 19 and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) 20 etc., have been used to probe the microphase separation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, phase behavior, and simulated in vitro degradation of novel HTPB-b-PEG polyurethane copolymers

Luo

Yan

2011

Macromol. Res.

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Two types of polyurethanes with alternating and random block architectures, hydroxyl-terminated liquid polybutadiene and poly(ethylene glycol) block copolymers (HTPB-alt-PEG and HTPB-co-PEG), were synthesized using a coupling reaction route between the hydroxyl groups and the isocyanate groups. The chemical and crystal structures were characterized using Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction, while phase behavior was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry. The biodegradation in a simulated human body fluid was investigated through mass loss, SEM, and FTIR. The experimental results indicated that all of the polyurethane samples bore the microphase separation structure, and the separation degree depended on the sequence structure and molecular weight (MW) of PEG and further affected their in vitro degradation. The driving force was related to the restricted movement of the molecular segments, the crystallization of the soft/hard phases, and/or the hydrogen bonding interactions between the hard segments. The surface morphological change of the degraded samples further demonstrated that the degradation became serious as the PEG MW increased and that the random block copolymers decomposed more easily than the alternating copolymers. The block polymer materials are expected to be incorporated into specific applications in related biomedical fields.

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“…The present investigation stems from a long‐standing research activity on the synthesis, characterization, and application of polymeric materials in biomedical and pharmaceutical fields 37–40, 54–61. Specifically, the research project was aimed at the development of bioactive polymeric materials whose characteristics can be exploited in tissue engineering and drug delivery applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of functional polyesters tailored for biomedical applications

Cerbai

Solaro

Chiellini

2008

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

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This work aimed at the development of bioactive polymeric materials to be used for targeted drug delivery and tissue engineering applications. The proposed strategy was based on the design of macromolecular systems whose functionality can be easily modified. Polyesters containing side–chain end capped by primary hydroxyl groups were synthesized by polyaddition of oxetanes and carboxylic anhydrides catalyzed by quaternary onium salts. The polyaddition of bis(oxetane) with different dicarboxylic acids was also investigated. In all cases, oxetane monomers contained one hydroxyl group either free or protected by a benzyl group. The polymer yield and molecular weight were relatively high when aromatic anhydrides were used. In all other cases low conversions or no polymerization at all were obtained. In a parallel research line, several alkanols were successfully employed to synthesize different α,α’,β-trisubstituted-β-lactones. These monomers were prepared in five steps starting from diethyl oxalpropionate according to established synthetic routes. Final yields depended on both preparation method and side chain structure. By using quaternary ammonium salts as catalysts, the synthesized functional lactones underwent anionic ring opening polymerization leading to the corresponding homopolymers and copolymers in fairly good yields. The prepared polymeric materials were extensively characterized by spectroscopic techniques, size exclusion chromatography, and thermal analysis

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Polyurethane Based Materials for the Production of Biomedical Materials

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Advancements in Soft-Tissue Prosthetics Part B: The Chemistry of Imitating Life

Advancements in Soft-Tissue Prosthetics Part B: The Chemistry of Imitating Life

Synthesis, phase behavior, and simulated in vitro degradation of novel HTPB-b-PEG polyurethane copolymers

Synthesis and characterization of functional polyesters tailored for biomedical applications

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