Polyurethanes for bone tissue engineering

Fernando, Shanik J.; McEnery, Madison A.P.; Guelcher, Scott A.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-100614-6.00016-0

Cited by 34 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…Trabecular bone is reported to have a compressive strength of 5–10 MPa and modulus of 50–400 MPa. 40–42 Therefore, the initial compressive strength and modulus of MG composites are close to the properties of trabecular bone and nHA composites exceed these properties. Both composites are mechanically stronger than trabecular bone after 1 week.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Oxidatively degradable poly(thioketal urethane)/ceramic composite bone cements with bone-like strength

McEnery

Gupta

et al. 2016

RSC Adv.

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Synthetic bone cements are commonly used in orthopaedic procedures to aid in bone regeneration following trauma or disease. Polymeric cements like PMMA provide the mechanical strength necessary for orthopaedic applications, but they are not resorbable and do not integrate with host bone. Ceramic cements have a chemical composition similar to that of bone, but their brittle mechanical properties limit their use in weight-bearing applications. In this study, we designed oxidatively degradable, polymeric bone cements with mechanical properties suitable for bone tissue engineering applications. We synthesized a novel thioketal (TK) diol, which was crosslinked with a lysine triisocyanate (LTI) prepolymer to create hydrolytically stable poly(thioketal urethane)s (PTKUR) that degrade in the oxidative environment associated with bone defects. PTKUR films were hydrolytically stable for up to 6 months, but degraded rapidly (<1 week) under simulated oxidative conditions in vitro. When combined with ceramic micro- or nanoparticles, PTKUR cements exhibited working times comparable to calcium phosphate cements and strengths exceeding those of trabecular bone. PTKUR/ceramic composite cements supported appositional bone growth and integrated with host bone near the bone-cement interface at 6 and 12 weeks post-implantation in rabbit femoral condyle plug defects. Histological evidence of osteoclast-mediated resorption of the cements was observed at 6 and 12 weeks. These findings demonstrate that a PTKUR bone cement with bone-like strength can be selectively resorbed by cells involved in bone remodeling, and thus represent an important initial step toward the development of resorbable bone cements for weight-bearing applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Oxidatively degradable poly(thioketal urethane)/ceramic composite bone cements with bone-like strength

McEnery

Gupta

et al. 2016

RSC Adv.

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“…Therefore, it remains a possibility that immune responses to polyurethane may be more sensitive to submicron-scale types of topography designed to consider the size of adherent immune cells. The findings presented in this study may have important clinical implications for the design of polyurethane-based biomaterials, which are considered widely for the applications including dermal scaffolds [25], bone [26] and tissue engineering [27], artificial heart valves and arteries [28], insulation for pacemakers [29], and as a coating material on silicone breast implants [24]. Silicone breast implants in particular are notorious for the relatively common presentation of patient side effects such as capsular contracture which occurs in approximately 10-20% of patients [44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…This material is chemically inert [22] and has been used in medical devices since the second half of the 20th century [23]. Beyond its function as a coating on breast implants [24], polyurethane is also used in a multitude of settings in the health care sector, such as for dermal scaffolds [25], in bone [26] and tissue engineering [27], as artificial heart valves and arteries [28], and as insulation for pacemakers [29]. The high biocompatibility is supported by further in vitro studies which also show low immune responses to polyurethane [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Investigation of Polyurethane Biomaterial Surface Roughness on Human Immune Responses in vitro

Segan

Jakobi

Khokhani

et al. 2020

BioMed Research International

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It has been widely shown that biomaterial surface topography can modulate host immune response, but a fundamental understanding of how different topographies contribute to pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory responses is still lacking. To investigate the impact of surface topography on immune response, we undertook a systematic approach by analyzing immune response to eight grades of medical grade polyurethane of increasing surface roughness in three in vitro models of the human immune system. Polyurethane specimens were produced with defined roughness values by injection molding according to the VDI 3400 industrial standard. Specimens ranged from 0.1 μm to 18 μm in average roughness (Ra), which was confirmed by confocal scanning microscopy. Immunological responses were assessed with THP-1-derived macrophages, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and whole blood following culture on polyurethane specimens. As shown by the release of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in all three models, a mild immune response to polyurethane was observed, however, this was not associated with the degree of surface roughness. Likewise, the cell morphology (cell spreading, circularity, and elongation) in THP-1-derived macrophages and the expression of CD molecules in the PBMC model on T cells (HLA-DR and CD16), NK cells (HLA-DR), and monocytes (HLA-DR, CD16, CD86, and CD163) showed no influence of surface roughness. In summary, this study shows that modifying surface roughness in the micrometer range on polyurethane has no impact on the pro-inflammatory immune response. Therefore, we propose that such modifications do not affect the immunocompatibility of polyurethane, thereby supporting the notion of polyurethane as a biocompatible material.

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“…Tensile values for trabecular cancellous bone have been reported to be 5–10 MPa [36,37]. The maximum stress reached values obtained for the PEUs and PEUUs synthesized in this work were above those values, except for PEUU2000, which fell into that range.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 43%

Synthesis and in Vitro Cytocompatibility of Segmented Poly(Ester-Urethane)s and Poly(Ester-Urea-Urethane)s for Bone Tissue Engineering

et al. 2018

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Two series of segmented polyurethanes were obtained and their mechanical and thermal properties as well as their biodegradability and cytotoxicity were evaluated. The chemical nature of the polyurethanes was varied by using either 1,4 butanediol (poly-ester-urethanes, PEUs) or l-lysine ethyl ester dihydrochloride (poly-ester-urea-urethanes, PEUUs) as chain extenders. Results showed that varying the hard segment influenced the thermal and mechanical properties of the obtained polymers. PEUs showed strain and hardness values of about 10–20 MPa and 10–65 MPa, respectively. These values were higher than the obtained values for the PEUUs due to the phase segregation and the higher crystallinity observed for the polyester-urethanes (PEUs); phase segregation was also observed and analyzed by XRD and DSC. Moreover, both series of polymers showed hydrolytic degradation when they were submerged in PBS until 90 days with 20% of weight loss. In vitro tests using a Human Osteoblastic cell line (Hob) showed an average of 80% of cell viability and good adhesion for both series of polymers.

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Polyurethanes for bone tissue engineering

Cited by 34 publications

References 100 publications

Oxidatively degradable poly(thioketal urethane)/ceramic composite bone cements with bone-like strength

Oxidatively degradable poly(thioketal urethane)/ceramic composite bone cements with bone-like strength

Systematic Investigation of Polyurethane Biomaterial Surface Roughness on Human Immune Responses in vitro

Synthesis and in Vitro Cytocompatibility of Segmented Poly(Ester-Urethane)s and Poly(Ester-Urea-Urethane)s for Bone Tissue Engineering

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