Polyvinyl alcohol modified polyvinylidene fluoride‐graphene oxide scaffold promotes osteogenic differentiation potential of human induced pluripotent stem cells

Abstract

Tissue engineering is fast becoming a key approach in bone medicine studies. Designing the ideally desirable combination of stem cells and scaffolds are at the hurt of efforts for producing implantable bone substitutes. Clinical application of stem cells could be associated with serious limitations, and engineering scaffolds that are able to imitate the important features of extracellular matrix is a major area of challenges within the field. In this study, electrospun scaffolds of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), PVDF-graphene oxide (GO), PVDF-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and PVDF-PVA-GO were fabricated to study the osteogenic differentiation potential of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) while cultured on fabricated scaffolds. Scanning electron microscopy study, viability assay, relative gene expression analysis, immunocytochemistry, alkaline phosphates activity, and calcium content assays confirmed that the osteogenesis rate of hiPSCs cultured on PVDF-PVA-Go is significantly higher than other scaffolds. Here, we showed that the biocompatible, nontoxic, flexible, piezoelectric, highly porous and interconnected three-dimensional structure of electrospun PVDF-PVA-Go scaffold in combination with hiPSCs (as the stem cells with significant advantageous in comparison to other types) makes them a highly promising scaffold-stem cell system for bone remodeling medicine. There was no evidence for the superiority of PVDF-GO or PVDF-PVA scaffold for osteogenesis, compared to each other; however both of them showed better potentials as to PVDF scaffold.

Acceleration of osteogenic differentiation by sustained release of BMP2 in PLLA/graphene oxide nanofibrous scaffold

“…Cao et al demonstrated that ATDC5 cell line proliferation was increased significantly when grown on nanofibrous scaffold made by Chitosan/Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/GO compared to the Chitosan/PVA during two weeks culture period 34 . In another two studies published by our group, we demonstrated that viability, proliferation rate and osteogenic differentiation capacity of human induced pluripotent stem cells was increased significantly while grown on the Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/PVA/GO and PVDF/GO nanofibrous scaffold compared to the those cells cultured on both scaffolds without GO 35,36 . The results of the mechanical behavior of scaffolds showed that with increasing GO, the mechanical strength has increased while their tendency to break decreased.…”

“…34 In another two studies published by our group, we demonstrated that viability, proliferation rate and osteogenic differentiation capacity of human induced pluripotent stem cells was increased significantly while grown on the Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/PVA/GO and PVDF/GO nanofibrous scaffold compared to the those cells cultured on both scaffolds without GO. 35,36 The results of the mechanical behavior of scaffolds showed that with increasing GO, the mechanical strength has increased while their tendency to break decreased. This is due to the increase in the surface-to-volume ratio in the composite, which makes the transfer of force to GO more efficient.…”

<p>Applications of Graphene and Its Derivatives in Bone Repair: Advantages for Promoting Bone Formation and Providing Real-Time Detection, Challenges and Future Prospects</p>

“…The other method was to use the excellent electrical conductivity of GDs to improve the performances of piezoelectric biomaterials that could bring desired electrical stimulation for new bone formation under biomechanical environment in vivo. 96,97 In addition to the excellent electrical conductivity of GDs themselves, GDs could also enhance the electrical output performance of the piezoelectric biomaterials by changing the phase structure of the matrix. For example, Shuai et al 96 introduced GO into polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) to fabricate composite scaffolds for bone repair.…”

Chitosan/Gold Hybrid Nanoparticles Enriched Electrospun PVA Nanofibrous Mats for the Topical Delivery of Punica granatum L. Extract: Synthesis, Characterization, Biocompatibility and Antibacterial Properties

“…It can be claimed that the increase of the surface of the electrical polarity of PVA NFs upon embedding PE-CS-AuNPs could enhance the adhesion and proliferation of fibroblasts. 59 In addition, PE was reported as a cosmeceutical component due to its ability to enhance dermal fibroblasts. 15 The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of PE could protect the HFF-1 from oxidative stress and maintain their normal growth.…”