Abstract:The Carboniferous sedimentary history of the Pomeranian Basin (NW Poland) begins with Hastarian open-marine carbonates and is terminated with ?lower Asbian terrestrial deposits in the north-eastern part and, ?upper Asbian or Brigantian, open-marine shales in the south-western part of the basin. The ?latest Viséan, Serpukhovian and early Bashkirian was a period of regional non-deposition and erosion. In the Upper Bashkirian-Gzhelian strata, an alluvial depositional environment was recognized.The Mississippian d… Show more
“…On the southern margin of the Brabant Massif in Belgium, dolostone at the top of the Engihoul Formation is strongly karstified with depressions up to 15 m deep, and cavities filled with calcite replacements of selenitic gypsum growths and intercalations of crinoidal rudstone (Poty, ). In the Pomeranian Basin of north‐west Poland to the east, anhydrite beds and nodules are associated with black ‘shale’ and calcareous claystone of the upper Tournaisian Grzybowo Formation, deposited in a restricted lagoonal environment within a carbonate shelf setting (Matyja, ). A similar shallow marine and lagoonal setting in the Baltic region produced a succession of carbonate rocks with gypsum and siliciclastic rocks (Witzke, ).…”
Extensive evaporites in Lower Mississippian successions from palaeoequatorial regions are commonly used as evidence for an arid to semi‐arid palaeoclimate. However, in this article, detailed studies of evaporites and their context refute this interpretation. Detailed sedimentological and petrographical analysis of the Lower Mississippian of northern Britain, is combined with archived log data from more than 40 boreholes across southern Scotland, northern England and Northern Ireland, and published literature from Canada. Two key cores from the Tweed Basin and the northern margin of the Northumberland – Solway Basin contain 178 evaporite intervals and reveal twelve distinct forms of gypsum and anhydrite across seven facies that are associated with planar laminated siltstone and intercalated thin beds of ferroan dolostone. Nodular gypsum and anhydrite, typically in intervals <1 to 2 m thick, are integral components of the succession. Nodular evaporite occurs within about 1 m of a palaeosurface, but most evaporite deposits represent ephemeral brine pans to semi‐permanent hypersaline lakes or salinas on a floodplain that was subjected periodically to storm surges introducing marine waters. Formation of evaporites under a strongly seasonal climate in a coastal wetland is supported by palaeosol types and geochemical proxies, and from palaeobotanical evidence published previously. Although 65% of modern equatorial areas experience a strongly seasonal climatic regime, salinas and sabkhas are a minor component today in comparison with the evidence from these Lower Mississippian successions. This implies that the earliest terrestrial environments were complex and dynamic, providing a diverse range of habitats in which the early tetrapods became terrestrialized and represent a setting that is rarely preserved in the geological record.
“…On the southern margin of the Brabant Massif in Belgium, dolostone at the top of the Engihoul Formation is strongly karstified with depressions up to 15 m deep, and cavities filled with calcite replacements of selenitic gypsum growths and intercalations of crinoidal rudstone (Poty, ). In the Pomeranian Basin of north‐west Poland to the east, anhydrite beds and nodules are associated with black ‘shale’ and calcareous claystone of the upper Tournaisian Grzybowo Formation, deposited in a restricted lagoonal environment within a carbonate shelf setting (Matyja, ). A similar shallow marine and lagoonal setting in the Baltic region produced a succession of carbonate rocks with gypsum and siliciclastic rocks (Witzke, ).…”
Extensive evaporites in Lower Mississippian successions from palaeoequatorial regions are commonly used as evidence for an arid to semi‐arid palaeoclimate. However, in this article, detailed studies of evaporites and their context refute this interpretation. Detailed sedimentological and petrographical analysis of the Lower Mississippian of northern Britain, is combined with archived log data from more than 40 boreholes across southern Scotland, northern England and Northern Ireland, and published literature from Canada. Two key cores from the Tweed Basin and the northern margin of the Northumberland – Solway Basin contain 178 evaporite intervals and reveal twelve distinct forms of gypsum and anhydrite across seven facies that are associated with planar laminated siltstone and intercalated thin beds of ferroan dolostone. Nodular gypsum and anhydrite, typically in intervals <1 to 2 m thick, are integral components of the succession. Nodular evaporite occurs within about 1 m of a palaeosurface, but most evaporite deposits represent ephemeral brine pans to semi‐permanent hypersaline lakes or salinas on a floodplain that was subjected periodically to storm surges introducing marine waters. Formation of evaporites under a strongly seasonal climate in a coastal wetland is supported by palaeosol types and geochemical proxies, and from palaeobotanical evidence published previously. Although 65% of modern equatorial areas experience a strongly seasonal climatic regime, salinas and sabkhas are a minor component today in comparison with the evidence from these Lower Mississippian successions. This implies that the earliest terrestrial environments were complex and dynamic, providing a diverse range of habitats in which the early tetrapods became terrestrialized and represent a setting that is rarely preserved in the geological record.
“…The upper part of the Famennian and lower part of the Tournaisian deposits in the Pomerania area belong to the Sąpolno Calcareous Shale Formation (Matyja, 1993), which is a succession of open-marine carbonate and clayey deposits (Fig. 2a, b), formed below wave base and probably corresponding to a relatively shallow carbonate ramp environment (Matyja, 2006). The D/C boundary interval is marked, however, by monotonous, thin-bedded, dark grey marls, marly claystones and claystones, with only thin marly lime mudstone intercalations, which show a general absence of fauna (Matyja, 1993, 2009; Matyja & Stempień-Sałek, 1994).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…3), based on detailed core observations and geophysical logs we observed that the uppermost Famennian part of the section is more calcareous than the lowermost Tournaisian part, which is dominated by claystones. Figure 2. Lithofacies pattern for the latest Famennian – earliest Tournaisian (a) and early Tournaisian (b) in northwestern Poland; modified after Matyja (2008, 2009). Figure 3. Microfacies across the Devonian/Carboniferous boundary interval in the Chmielno–1 borehole section – an example of a monotonous succession where the Hangenberg Black Shale horizon is not developed; constituent grains as well as rock fabrics allow recognition of grey marls (Ch 64, Ch 58, Ch 53, Ch 52, Ch 51, Ch 49) and more or less marly limestones (Ch 63, Ch 50) with relatively high amounts of silt and organic matter.…”
The uppermost Famennian -lowermost Tournaisian interval has been analysed in detail using biostratigraphy, sedimentology, magnetic susceptibility and geochemistry in a reference section of the relatively shallow carbonate ramp environment within the Pomeranian Basin. High-resolution biostratigraphic study, based on miospores, allows recognition of the standard western European lepidophyta-nitidus (LN) and verrucosus-incohatus (VI) zones, as well as the Convolutispora major Zone, a local Pomeranian equivalent of the European standard hibernicus-distinctus (HD) Zone. The sedimentary succession and specific phenomena recognized close to the Devonian/Carboniferous boundary, such as fluctuations in water column euxinia, wildfire evidence, relative sea-level changes and perturbations of the carbon cycle reflected by positive carbon excursions, display a pattern partly similar to that observed in many areas in Europe during the Hangenberg Event, although the Hangenberg Black Shale horizon is not developed here. These important microscale environmental perturbations were observed not only within the Famennian LN miospore Zone but in a wide interval between the LN and the lowermost local Convolutispora major miospore zones ( = lower part of HD standard miospore Zone). It is still uncertain whether the recognized event(s) were connected solely with the Hangenberg Event, which was possibly complex and multi-phased as is sometimes suggested, or whether they represent a succession of regionally limited, post-Hangenberg events. This question needs to be further investigated on broader stratigraphic and geographical scales.
“…The Late Tournaisian pyro clastic or vol ca nic rocks were also re ported from sev eral places of the Trans-Eu ro pean Su ture Zone in Po land (see e.g., Narkiewicz, 2007). They oc cur within the Mid dle and Late Tournaisian sed i ments of Pomerania, the Łysogóry-Radom Block, the Małopolska Block and the Up per Silesian Coal Ba sin (Szulczewski et al, 1996;Muszyński et al, 1996;Narkiewicz, 2007;Matyja, 2008). At that time, re gional con ti nen tal ex tension in the shelf ba sin area trig gered wide spread magmatism, par tic u larly in tense dur ing the Late Tournaisian (see e.g., Krzemiński, 1999;Narkiewicz, 2007).…”
The main aim of this study is to pre cisely de ter mine the age of the al ka line bas alts oc cur ring within the low er most part of Carbon if er ous suc ces sion in the north east ern part of the Lublin Ba sin (Parczew IG 7 and Parczew IG 9 bore holes; SE Po land). The new whole-rock 40 Ar/ 39 Ar data con strain the age of vol ca nic ac tiv ity and em place ment of al ka line bas alts to the Late Tournaisian (348.0 ± 0.8 Ma) with pos si ble pro lon ga tion to the Mid dle Visean (338.5 ± 0.7 Ma). How ever, the youn ger age is of ev i dently poorer qual ity than the older one. The new data caused to cor re late the vol ca nic pro cesses oc cur ring within the Lublin Ba sin with al ka line in tru sions drilled in NE Po land within the Pa leo zoic cover of the East Eu ro pean Plat form. They also cor re spond to the strati graphic po si tion of volcanoclastic ho ri zons found in dif fer ent parts of the Trans-Eu ro pean Su ture Zone in Po land.Key words: al ka line ba saltic rocks, Ar-Ar geo chron ol ogy, Car bon if er ous, Lublin Ba sin.
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