Pool fires – An empirical correlation

Spill fires usually occur during the storage and transportation of hazardous materials, posing a threat to the people and environment in their immediate proximity.In this paper, a classical Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) method is used to assess the risk of spill fires. In this method, the maximum spread area and the steady burning area are introduced as parameters to clearly assess the range of influence of the spill fire. In the calculations, a modified spread model that takes into consideration the burning rate variation is established to calculate the maximum spread area.Furthermore, the steady burning area is calculated based on volume conservation between the leakage rate and the fuel consumption rate due to burning. Combining these two parameters with leakage frequency, flame model, and vulnerability model,

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“…10 [20][21]. The heat loss of the fuel layer is the main reason behind the decrease in burning rate compared to pool fires [12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Spill Fire Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These values are provided by Babrauskas [20] and Ditch (kW/m 2 ) [21]. The heat loss ( out q ) of the fuel layer is the main reason for the decrease in burning rate.…”

Section: Spill Fire Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative risk assessment of continuous liquid spill fires based on spread and burning behaviours

Zhao

Huang

et al. 2017

Applied Thermal Engineering

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“…Based on the energy conservation, Ditch et al proposed a regression rate model of pool fires [8]. where qf is the heat transfer per unit surface area of the pool including the convective (12.5 kW/m 2 ) and radiative component, △He is the heat of gasification, Ys is the smoke yield (0.008 for methanol [18]), D is the pool diameter, cp is the specific heat, Tb is the boiling point and Ta is the ambient temperature.…”

Section: Fuel Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the fuel burning, many experiments with burning diameters ranging from around 0.01 meters to around 80 meters have been carried out to study the steady-state burning rate [6]. Based on these experiments, empirical models have been established, and these are gathered and discussed by, for example, Babrauskas [7] and Ditch et al [8]. As a result, the existing models for spread and burning can lay a foundation for spill fire research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spread and burning behavior of continuous spill fires

Zhao

Huang

Jomaas

et al. 2017

Fire Safety Journal

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Spill fire experiments with continuous discharge on a fireproof glass sheet were conducted to improve the understanding of spill fire spread and burning. Ethanol was used as the fuel and the discharge rate was varied from 2.8 mL/s to 7.6 mL/s. Three ignition conditions were used in the experiments; no ignition, instantaneous ignition and delayed ignition. The spread rate, regression rate, penetrated thermal radiation and the temperature of the bottom glass were analyzed. The experiments clearly show the entire spread process for spill fires. Further, the regression rate of spill fires at the quasi-steady burning was lower than that of pool fires and the ratio of the spill fires' regression rate to the pool fires' regression rate was found to be approximately 0.89. With respect to the radiative penetration and the heat conduction between the fuel layer and the glass, a regression rate expression for spill fires was developed based on some modifications on existing expressions for pool fires. In addition, a complete phenomenological model for spill fires was developed by combining the characteristics of spread and burning. The model was verified by the experimental data and found to predict the spread process for spill fires with reasonable accuracy. KEYWORDS

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“…In the experiment [1], the radiant heat from the flames of combustible and flammable liquids is studied depending on the type of liquid and the diameter of the spill. In [2], additionally, the absorption of radiant heat by combustible liquid vapors and particles of smoke is taken into account. Determining the safety distance from the pool fire is considered in [3].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Model of thermal effect of fire within a dike on the oil tank

Abramov¹,

Basmanov²,

Salamov³

et al. 2018

SBNMU

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Building a mathematical model for the heat build-up in the oil tank shell under the thermal effect of a combustible liquid pool fire within the tank dike. methodology. A thermal balance equation for an oil tank exposed to heat from the pool fire has been worked out. Both radiant and convective heat transfer processes between the pool fire and the environment have been taken into account. Estimates for the distribution of temperatures and airflow velocities in the plume above the fire have been used to account for the convection component of the heat flux from the pool fire. findings. Dynamics of the tank shell temperature change in time under the thermal effect of the pool fire within the dike has been obtained. The obtained expression is the solution of the differential equation worked out on the basis of the thermal balance analysis for the oil tank shell exposed to heat. originality. The convective component of the heat flux from the pool fire to the oil tank is taken into account and estimates of the distribution of temperatures and velocities in the plume are built. Practical value. The proposed model of the tank shell heat exposure to the pool fire within the dike could provide the basis for building a decision-making system for the fire response manager, outlining safe zones for positioning the equipment and personnel involved in fire-fighting, while developing fire pre-plans at the oil refining facilities and designing security systems for oil tanks.

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Pool fires – An empirical correlation

Cited by 142 publications

References 42 publications

Quantitative risk assessment of continuous liquid spill fires based on spread and burning behaviours

Quantitative risk assessment of continuous liquid spill fires based on spread and burning behaviours

Spread and burning behavior of continuous spill fires

Model of thermal effect of fire within a dike on the oil tank

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