Pop-up tectonics of the Shillong Plateau in northeastern India: Insight from numerical simulations

Islam, Shofiqul; Shinjo, Ryuichi; Kayal, J. R.

doi:10.1016/j.gr.2010.11.007

Cited by 28 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Within the Shillong Plateau‐Mikir Hills and Assam valley areas, some prominent fault structures are well identified. In the western part of the Shillong Plateau, an N‐S trending low V p and V s zone (Figure , anomaly 7) could be attributed to the Dudhnoi fault (DDF), Oldham fault (OF) [ Bilham and England , ; Islam et al , ], and several lineaments present in this area (Figure ). The ~200 km long E‐W Dauki fault (DKF) is not imaged as such, but a sharp demarcation of the high V p in the Shillong Plateau and low V p in the Bengal Basin is well identified (Figure ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The predominant E‐W, N‐S, and NW‐SE oriented faults associated with the Shillong Plateau‐Mikir Hills might be the results of complex tectonic forces from both the Himalayan collision zone and the Indo‐Burma subduction zone [ Kayal , ; Rajasekhar and Mishra , ]. The Shillong Plateau has been considered as the basement pop‐up structure supported by two reverse faults, DKF to its southern boundary and a hidden Oldham fault (OF) to its northern boundary [ Bilham and England , ; Nayak et al , ; Islam et al , ; Kayal et al , ]. Bilham and England [] proposed that fault bounding pop‐up structures can penetrate the whole crust.…”

Section: Geotectonic Framework Of the Study Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3‐D seismic tomography of the lithosphere and its geodynamic implications beneath the northeast India region

et al. 2017

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We have evolved 3‐D seismic velocity structures in northeast India region and its adjoining areas to understand the geodynamic processes of Indian lithosphere that gently underthrusts under the Himalayas and steeply subducts below the Indo‐Burma Ranges. The region is tectonically buttressed between the Himalayan arc to the north and the Indo‐Burmese arc to the east. The tomographic image shows heterogeneous structure of lithosphere depicting different tectonic blocks. Though our results are limited to shallower depth (0–90 km), it matches well with the deeper continuation of lithospheric structure obtained in an earlier study. We observe low‐velocity structure all along the Eastern Himalayas down to ~70 km depth, which may be attributed to deeper roots/thicker crust developed by underthrusting of Indian plate. Parallel to this low‐velocity zone lies a high‐velocity zone in foredeep region, represents the Indian lithosphere. The underthrusting Indian lithosphere under the Himalayas as well as below the Indo‐Burma Ranges is well reflected as a high‐velocity dipping structure. The buckled up part of bending Indian plate in study region, the Shillong Plateau‐Mikir Hills tectonic block, is marked as a high‐velocity structure at shallower depth. The Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis, tectonic block where the two arcs meet, is identified as a high‐velocity structure. The Bengal Basin, tectonic block to the south of Shillong Plateau, shows low velocity due to its thicker sediments. Based on the tomographic image, a schematic model is presented to elucidate the structure and geodynamics of Indian lithosphere in study region.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geotectonic Framework Of the Study Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3‐D seismic tomography of the lithosphere and its geodynamic implications beneath the northeast India region

et al. 2017

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“…In the transition zone between these two arcs lays the Shillong‐Mikir Hills Plateau with an average elevation of 1,000 m, surrounded by the Assam valley and the Bengal basin planes. The Shillong‐Mikir Hills Plateau is one of the most seismically active zones in the world, and it is thought that horizontal compression stress temporally linked to a number of kinematic changes within the Himalayan and Tibetan orogen, as well as along the eastern India–Burma plate boundary in the mid to late Miocene (8–14 Mya), were the driving forces behind this basement pop‐up structure which was uplifted along steep and seismically active reverse faults (Biswas et al, ; Clark & Bilham, ; Islam, Shinjo, & Kayal, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Snakehead (Teleostei: Channidae) diversity and the Eastern Himalaya biodiversity hotspot

Rüber

Tan

Britz

2019

J Zool Syst Evol Res

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The collision of the Indian and Eurasian landmasses in the Cenozoic was a decisive factor in shaping biodiversity patterns in Southern and Southeastern Asia. While most studies thus far have focused on the biotic interchange between India and Eurasia and evolutionary diversification on or around the Tibetan Plateau, little attention has been paid to the biodiversity buildup in the Eastern Himalaya biodiversity hotspot (EHH) which harbors over 540 freshwater fish species with a high degree of endemicity. An important component of the regional ichthyofauna are snakehead fishes of the family Channidae comprising throughout their African‐Asian distribution 47 valid species, but a poorly known species‐level diversity. In order to evaluate channid intrarelationships and biogeography, a temporal and geographic framework of channid evolution in conjunction with a critical reevaluation of the channid fossil record is warranted. Based on molecular data, we provide a comprehensive species‐level phylogeny based on 223 channid individuals belonging to 37 species and one additional currently undescribed species. The first split within channids separates the African genus Parachanna from the Asian genus Channa which can be divided into eight distinct species groups (Argus, Asiatica, Gachua, Lucius, Marulius, Micropeltes, Punctata, and Striata groups). Large intraspecific divergences were observed within several species and potentially indicate additional species‐level diversity. Almost 40% of the channid species are narrow‐range endemics belonging to the Gachua group. These are found in the EHH making this area an outstanding hotspot for endemic channid diversity. The large majority of the EHH endemics are restricted to the southern foothills of the Eastern Himalaya and the Shillong‐Mikir Hills Plateau, areas west of the Indoburman Ranges. Our results reveal complex and difficult to interpret biogeographic patterns indicating that both vicariance and dispersal events have potentially been responsible in shaping current distribution patterns in Asian channids. We recognize †Parachanna fayumensis as the oldest reliable channid fossil and argue that the three oldest so‐called channid fossils (i.e., †Eochanna chlorakkiensis, †Anchichanna kuldanensis, and †Ophiocephalus lydekkeri) lack clear diagnostic features that would allow them to be unequivocally placed within Channidae.

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“…However, as the rivers emerge into the low-lying southern margin of the SP, they become unconfined, consisting of multiple tributary channels filled with gravels and sand. The above-mentioned rivers flow mainly through the (Biswas and Greasemann 2005;Islam et al 2011;An et al 2010). (b) Location of Jadukata, Umpung, Umngot and Umtongoi rivers along with lithology of the area.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SP is a unique feature on the eastern arm of the Himalayan arc (located between 26 • 00 44 N, 90 • 11 16.35 E and 25 • 03 03.26 N, 92 • 25 56.58 E) and is considered as a detached block of peninsular India as it represents a subducted wedge in front of the southvergent eastern Himalayan thrust belt and the west-vergent Indo-Burman ranges (Evans 1964;Nandy and Dasgupta 1991). SP is located on the trajectory of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) (Bookhagen et al 2005;Grujic et al 2006;Sato 2013) and is bounded by the E-W Dauki fault (DF) in the south, NW-SE Dapsi thrust (DT) in the southwest, the Oldham/Brahmaputra fault in the north, the NW-SE Kopili fault and N-S Jamuna fault to the west (figure 1a) (Kayal and De 1991;Nandy and Dasgupta 1991;Bilham and England 2001;Rajendran et al 2004;Islam et al 2011). Considering the complex tectonics and the strong ISM variability, it can be assumed that the landforms and the alluvial succession in the SP can help in enhancing our understanding of the role of coupled processes (climate and tectonics) in the evolution of landforms from the northeastern part of India.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mid–late Holocene fluvial aggradational landforms and morphometric investigations in the southern front of the Shillong plateau, NE India

2019

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The present study is an attempt to understand the antiquity of the preserved fluvial landforms and its response to the climate-tectonics nexus through geomorphological investigations along the Jadukata, Umpung, Umngot and Umtongoi rivers in the southern front of the Shillong plateau (SP), NE India. Sedimentological characteristics, chronological analyses and morphotectonic parameters were used to describe the spatial and temporal variability in the patterns of aggradation, landform evolution and neotectonic influences in the study. Our results indicate that valley aggradation processes occurred around the transitional zone in the southern front of the SP during the mid-late Holocene era along with a hiatus in sediment deposition after 4.3 ka. Sediment generation and aggradation is modulated by precipitation anomalies associated with the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) variability whereas morphometric analysis suggests that activity along the Dauki-Dapsi fault has been contributing to the uplift-related deformation. Sedimentological observation supported by optically stimulated luminescence chronology obtained on palaeoflood deposits, valley-fill fluvial terraces and alluvial fans indicate their deposition during three pluvial phases: (i) 5.3-4.3 ka, (ii) 2.4-1.0 ka and (ii) 0.7-0.3 ka. Our data indicate that valley aggradation and geomorphic processes in the southern part of SP responded to short-term changes in the ISM variability with contributions from the morphotectonic activities associated with the Dauki-Dapsi fault during the late Holocene period.

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Pop-up tectonics of the Shillong Plateau in northeastern India: Insight from numerical simulations

Cited by 28 publications

References 36 publications

3‐D seismic tomography of the lithosphere and its geodynamic implications beneath the northeast India region

3‐D seismic tomography of the lithosphere and its geodynamic implications beneath the northeast India region

Snakehead (Teleostei: Channidae) diversity and the Eastern Himalaya biodiversity hotspot

Mid–late Holocene fluvial aggradational landforms and morphometric investigations in the southern front of the Shillong plateau, NE India

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