Population biology of intraspecific polyploidy in grasses

Keeler, Kathleen H.

doi:10.1017/cbo9780511525445.009

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Many other ecologically important species also show intraspecific ploidy level variation that is associated with ecophysiological variation, and that (based on molecular/cytotyping studies) is associated with strong spatial patterning at landscape scales. For example, many widespread grass species vary in their ploidy level (Keeler, ). Examples include Agrostis stolonifera (bentgrass) (Björkman, ; Kik, Linders, & Bijlsma, ), Bouteloua gracilis (blue grama) (Fults, ), Deschampsia caespitosa (tussock grass) (Rothera & Davy, ) and Panicum virgatum (switchgrass) (McMillan & Weiler, ; Nielsen, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We propose that remote sensing methods can instead be used to rapidly and inexpensively measure variation in ploidy level in quaking aspen. While our application is focused on this widespread species, the fundamental concepts may be applicable to some other plant species with intraspecific ploidy level variation, for example sagebrush (Pellicer et al, ), and many grasses and trees (Keeler, ; Wood et al, ). The premise of the method is that genetic variation should lead to phenotypic variation in the functional traits of tissues such as bark and leaves (Asner et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Remote sensing of ploidy level in quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.)

et al. 2019

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1. Ploidy level in plants may influence ecological functioning, demography and response to climate change. However, measuring ploidy level typically requires intensive cell or molecular methods. 2. We map ploidy level variation in quaking aspen, a dominant North American tree species that can be diploid or triploid and that grows in spatially extensive clones.We identify the predictors and spatial scale of ploidy level variation using a combination of genetic and ground-based and airborne remote sensing methods.3. We show that ground-based leaf spectra and airborne canopy spectra can both classify aspen by ploidy level with a precision-recall harmonic mean of 0.75-0.95 and Cohen's kappa of c. 0.6-0.9. Ground-based bark spectra cannot classify ploidy level better than chance. We also found that diploids are more common on higher elevation and steeper sites in a network of forest plots in Colorado, and that ploidy level distribution varies at subkilometer spatial scales. 4. Synthesis. Our proof-of-concept study shows that remote sensing of ploidy level could become feasible in this tree species. Mapping ploidy level across landscapes could provide insights into the genetic basis of species' responses to climate change. K E Y W O R D S adaptation, ploidy level, polyploidy, quaking aspen, reflectance, remote sensing, spectrometry, UAS S U PP O RTI N G I N FO R M ATI O N Additional supporting information may be found online in the Supporting Information section at the end of the article. How to cite this article: Blonder B, Graae BJ, Greer B, et al. Remote sensing of ploidy level in quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.). J Ecol. 2020;108:175-188. https ://doi.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote sensing of ploidy level in quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.)

et al. 2019

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“…Atriplex canescens ; Hao et al ) and therefore more likely to be commonly used in restoration activities. Second, IPV may be more prevalent in certain families commonly used in restoration, including Poaceae (Keeler ). Finally, common restoration species are often well‐studied, thus increasing the likelihood that IPV is identified if present.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Considering ploidy when producing and using mixed‐source native plant materials for restoration

Kramer

Wood

Frischie³

et al. 2017

Restoration Ecology

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There is a clear need to maximize the genetic diversity of plant material used in restorations to ensure restored populations are equipped to handle current and future conditions. This increasingly translates to focused efforts to intentionally increase the genetic diversity of seed sources in production and/or restoration settings. For example, multiple populations may be brought together to create plant materials with more genetic diversity than is present in any single population. Recent literature showing minimal risk of outbreeding depression and extensive benefits of genetic rescue has helped justify this approach, with the exception of mixing populations with fixed chromosomal differences. In these cases, extensive loss of fertility may occur after mixing. Some types of incompatible chromosomal differences are difficult to detect and therefore have unknown occurrence and distribution within and among species. However, the most extreme form of chromosomal differences-intraspecific ploidy variation (IPV)-is relatively easy to quantify with current technology and known to be fairly common in angiosperms. To encourage more systematic consideration of IPV in native plant restoration, we used available data on IPV to estimate its incidence in 115 species widely used for restoration in the United States. Over one-third have IPV. Additional focused research is needed to understand the consequences of IPV for restoration, particularly given the current trend toward mixing natural collections for materials development and use. We provide recommendations to explicitly incorporate the reality of IPV into the production and use of genetically diverse plant materials for restoration.Key words: chromosomal differences, genetic diversity, intraspecific ploidy variation, mixed-source native plant materials development and use, outbreeding depression Implications for Practice• Intraspecific ploidy variation (IPV) was found in one-third of 115 common restoration species in the United States, highlighting the importance of incorporating it in restoration sourcing decisions.• For species with IPV, declines in seed set and offspring fitness are likely when populations with different ploidy levels are planted together. To minimize these negative consequences for species with known or suspected IPV, the ploidy of populations being considered for mixing should be investigated using flow cytometry, and individuals with different cytotypes should not be mixed in production beds or restoration settings.• If IPV is suspected but not known for all populations being mixed, small trial plots should be used to identify and mitigate potential fitness consequences before mixing over large scales.

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“…Moreover, interspecific hybridization and polyploidization (whole genome duplication; WGD) are two other key mechanisms of speciation in the Poaceae. All these phenomena have contributed to the extensive genome diversity extant within the family, including its variability in basic chromosome numbers and a wide range of polyploidy levels (Keeler, 1998). In this review, we highlight the nature of polyploidy in grasses, using wheat as a model, with a special focus on chromosome pairing during meiosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosome Pairing in Polyploid Grasses

et al. 2020

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Polyploids are species in which three or more sets of chromosomes coexist. Polyploidy frequently occurs in plants and plays a major role in their evolution. Based on their origin, polyploid species can be divided into two groups: autopolyploids and allopolyploids. The autopolyploids arise by multiplication of the chromosome sets from a single species, whereas allopolyploids emerge from the hybridization between distinct species followed or preceded by whole genome duplication, leading to the combination of divergent genomes. Having a polyploid constitution offers some fitness advantages, which could become evolutionarily successful. Nevertheless, polyploid species must develop mechanism(s) that control proper segregation of genetic material during meiosis, and hence, genome stability. Otherwise, the coexistence of more than two copies of the same or similar chromosome sets may lead to multivalent formation during the first meiotic division and subsequent production of aneuploid gametes. In this review, we aim to discuss the pathways leading to the formation of polyploids, the occurrence of polyploidy in the grass family (Poaceae), and mechanisms controlling chromosome associations during meiosis, with special emphasis on wheat.

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Population biology of intraspecific polyploidy in grasses

Cited by 16 publications

References 83 publications

Remote sensing of ploidy level in quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.)

Remote sensing of ploidy level in quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.)

Considering ploidy when producing and using mixed‐source native plant materials for restoration

Chromosome Pairing in Polyploid Grasses

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