Population changes of the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae), on fungi growing in pine-branch segments.

Maehara, Noritoshi; Futai, Kazuyoshi

doi:10.1303/aez.2000.413

Cited by 39 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Many studies have reported that the presence of ophiostomatoid blue stain fungi, Ophiostoma minus and Trichoderma sp., increased the number of PWNs carried by M. alternatus (Maehara and Futai, 2000) and S. sp. 1 also had a positive influence on the growth and survival of beetles (Zhao et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Differential immune responses of Monochamus alternatus against symbiotic and entomopathogenic fungi

Zhang

Meng

Ning

et al. 2017

Sci. China Life Sci.

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Monochamus alternatus, the main vector beetles of invasive pinewood nematode, has established a symbiotic relationship with a native ectotrophic fungal symbiont, Sporothrix sp. 1, in China. The immune response of M. alternatus to S. sp. 1 in the coexistence of beetles and fungi is, however, unknown. Here, we report that immune responses of M. alternatus pupae to infection caused by ectotrophic symbiotic fungus S. sp. 1 and entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana differ significantly. The S. sp. 1 did not kill the beetles while B. bassiana killed all upon injection. The transcriptome results showed that the numbers of differentially expressed genes in M. alternatus infected with S. sp. 1 were 2-fold less than those infected with B. bassiana at 48 hours post infection. It was noticed that Toll and IMD pathways played a leading role in the beetle's immune system when infected by symbiotic fungus, but upon infection by entomopathogenic fungus, only the Toll pathway gets triggered actively. Furthermore, the beetles could tolerate the infection of symbiotic fungi by retracing their Toll and IMD pathways at 48 h. This study provided a comprehensive sequence resource of M. alternatus transcriptome for further study of the immune interactions between host and associated fungi.Monochamus alternatus, symbiotic fungus, Beauveria bassiana, RNA-seq, immune signaling pathway Citation:Zhang, W., Meng, J., Ning, J., Qin, P., Zhou, J., Zou, Z., Wang, Y., Jiang, H., Ahmad, F., Zhao, L., and Sun, J. (2017). Differential immune responses of Monochamus alternatus against symbiotic and entomopathogenic fungi. Sci China Life Sci 60, 902-910.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Differential immune responses of Monochamus alternatus against symbiotic and entomopathogenic fungi

Zhang

Meng

Ning

et al. 2017

Sci. China Life Sci.

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“…It is these fungi, including Ophiostoma ips, O. minus, and Ceratocystis sp., reported from wood infested with the nematode and vector beetles in Japan, Korea, and America, that provide food for the mycophagous phase of the nematode life cycle (Kobayashi et al 1974, Wingfield 1987, Hyun et al 2007). Ophiostomatoid fungi identified in dead trees positively influence reproduction of the pinewood nematode and the interactions of nematode and host pine trees (Maehara 2008, Maehara and Futai 2000, Niu et al 2012. This is especially true for native Ophiostoma minus, which was isolated in Japan and was shown to strongly and positively influence the reproduction of the nematode and consequently the number of nematodes dispersed by beetles (Maehara and Futai 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ophiostomatoid fungi identified in dead trees positively influence reproduction of the pinewood nematode and the interactions of nematode and host pine trees (Maehara 2008, Maehara and Futai 2000, Niu et al 2012. This is especially true for native Ophiostoma minus, which was isolated in Japan and was shown to strongly and positively influence the reproduction of the nematode and consequently the number of nematodes dispersed by beetles (Maehara and Futai 2000). Although it is assumed that the ophiostomatoid fungi play a similar role in the life cycle of the pinewood nematode in China, this has not been empirically tested.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A native fungal symbiont facilitates the prevalence and development of an invasive pathogen–native vector symbiosis

Zhao

Lü

Niu

et al. 2013

Ecology

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Abstract. Invasive pathogen-insect symbioses have been extensively studied in many different ecological niches. Whether the damage of symbioses in different introduced regions might be influenced by other microorganisms has, however, received little attention. Eight years of field data showed that the varied levels of the nematode and beetle populations and infested trees of the invasive Bursaphelenchus xylophilus-Monochamus alternatus symbiosis were correlated with patterns in the isolation frequencies of ophiostomatoid fungi at six sites, while the laboratory experiments showed that the nematode produced greater numbers of offspring with a female-biased sex ratio and developed faster in the presence of one native symbiotic ophiostomatoid fungus, Sporothrix sp. 1. Diacetone alcohol (DAA) from xylem inoculated with Sporothrix sp. 1 induced B. xylophilus to produce greater numbers of offspring. Its presence also significantly increased the growth and survival rate of M. alternatus, and possibly explains the prevalence of the nematode-vector symbiosis when Sporothrix sp. 1 was dominant in the fungal communities. Studying the means by which multispecies interactions contributed to biogeographical dynamics allowed us to better understand the varied levels of damage caused by biological invasion across the invaded range.

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“…The more PWNs that aggregate around the PC of M. alternatus in wilt-killed pines seems to increase the numbers of PWNs carried by the beetles which emerged from the PC (Maehara et al, 2005). Kobayashi et al (1974Kobayashi et al ( , 1975, Fukushige (1991) and Maehara and Futai (2000) reported that the blue-stain fungi which prevailed around PC would serve as food for PWN. As such intense blue-stain on the walls of M. alternatus PC increased the number of PWN aggregating around these PC (Maehara et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Seasonal changes in the nematode fauna in pine trees killed by the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

2006

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The seasonal changes in the number of free-living nematodes and the pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, in 15-year-old Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii) trees killed by the PWN were determined. Fifteen species of nematodes were isolated, i.e. one species, each of Mononchida and Plectidae, two species, each of Monhisterida, Rhabditida and Tylenchida, three species of Bursaphelenchus including the PWN, and four species of Diplogasterida. The PWN and one species of Diplogasterida were the most prevalent nematodes isolated. The numbers of PWNs decreased from August to December, 2004, but then increased in February, 2005, then decreased again until June, 2005. During the experimental period the population changes of the Diplogasterida nematode mimicked those of the PWN, however, correlations between the numbers of the two nematodes varied considerably both among trees and seasons. Both the PWN and the Diplogasterida nematode were more abundant around the pupal chambers of the vector beetle, Monochamus alternatus, than elsewhere in the tree wood. Jpn. J. Nematol. 36 (2), 87-100 (2006).

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Population changes of the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae), on fungi growing in pine-branch segments.

Cited by 39 publications

References 5 publications

Differential immune responses of Monochamus alternatus against symbiotic and entomopathogenic fungi

Differential immune responses of Monochamus alternatus against symbiotic and entomopathogenic fungi

A native fungal symbiont facilitates the prevalence and development of an invasive pathogen–native vector symbiosis

Seasonal changes in the nematode fauna in pine trees killed by the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

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