Population Density and Killing Capacity by Predators of Eggs and Larvae of the Diamondback Moth in Nicaragua

Miranda, Freddy; Bylund, Helena; Grönberg, Lina; Larsson, Linda; Björkman, Christer

doi:10.1603/en10277

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Lycosidae were the most frequently caught spider in pitfall traps in the current study, found consistently at all sampling sites throughout the trial period. This agrees with findings of previous studies sampling predator populations in Brassica crops (Furlong et al ; Hosseini et al , ; Miranda et al ; Liu et al ). Schmaedick and Shelton () also commonly found Lycosidae in pitfall traps placed in cabbage plantings (New York State, USA), although Linyphiidae were more numerous.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…However, in the majority of these experiments, spiders were confined with potential prey in a simple arena such as a Petri dish, rather than on caged plants as in the current trial. Predation rates per day on larvae of various lepidopteran species have been variously reported as 3.5 to 11 for Lycosidae (Schmaedick & Shelton ; Miranda et al ), 0.8 to 9.6 for Clubionidae (Room ; Pearce et al ) and 1 to 2.2 larvae for Theridiidae (Room ). Schmaedick and Shelton () noted that P. rapae larvae were much less vulnerable to attack by Lycosidae when confined on a potted cabbage seedling compared with experiments conducted in small arenas, with a group of 10 Lycosidae consuming an average of only 0.9 larvae in a 24 h period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of spiders as predators of two lepidopteran Brassica pests

Senior

Healey

Wright³

2016

Austral Entomology

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Spiders are thought to play a significant role in limiting pest outbreaks in agroecosystems such as vineyards, orchards and cotton. The diversity and impact of spiders in vegetable crops are less well understood, although there is evidence that predators may be important for suppression of lepidopteran pests in Brassica crops, particularly early in the season before parasitoids become established. Sampling was conducted in early season plantings of Brassicas in the Lockyer Valley (South East Queensland, Australia) in order to determine the most commonly occurring spider families. The most numerous were Theridiidae, which were more strongly associated with cauliflower and poorly associated with cabbage. The Lycosidae and Clubionidae/Miturgidae (formerly in the 'catchall' family Clubionidae) also occurred commonly. Lycosidae (and to a lesser extent Salticidae) had above average abundance in Chinese cabbage and below average abundance in broccoli compared with average abundance for these spider families; Clubionidae/Miturgidae had above average abundance in cauliflower. Laboratory studies were then conducted to explore the predatory capacity of these three most commonly occurring spider families. All three were capable of feeding on larvae of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus), and cabbage cluster caterpillar, Crocidolomia pavonana (Fabricius), under laboratory conditions. Theridiidae, which are thought to prey on small pests such as leafhoppers and aphids, were able to successfully attack larvae up to five times their body size. Predation rates varied from an average of 1.7 (SE = 0.47) (1.6 control corrected) larvae consumed over a 24 h period in the case of the Theridiidae, to 3.3 (SE = 0.60) larvae for the Clubionidae/Miturgidae.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of spiders as predators of two lepidopteran Brassica pests

Senior

Healey

Wright³

2016

Austral Entomology

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“…Syrphidae are well-known as important predators of aphids (Chambers & Adams, 1986;Wratten et al, 1995;Ambrosino et al, 2006;Nieto et al, 2006) and they have previously been identified as predators of P. rapae (Ashby, 1974) and P. xylostella (Oatman & Platner, 1969;White et al, 1995;Miranda et al, 2011). Plutella xylostella and C. pavonana mtCO1 DNA was detected in the gut-contents of syrphid larvae in this study (Table 6.8), representing the first report of these predators consuming C. pavonana.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…The density of predators in the field and their maximum prey consumption are often used to determine the potential of a predator as an effective biological control agent (Jervis & Kidd, 1996). Based on the predators" killing capacity in the laboratory, Lycosidae and Staphylinidae were suggested as the predators with the greatest potential for P. xylostella in Nicaragua (Miranda et al, 2011). In the present study in Indonesia, where the populations of P. xylostella and C. pavonana were high, however, more Paederus sp.…”

Section: Chapter 7: General Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 46%

“…Stephens (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) (Reddy et al, 2002), Ceraeochrysa claveri Navás (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) (Almeida et al, 2009) and Lycosidae spiders (Nemoto et al, 1985;Muckenfuss et al, 1992) in laboratory based studies. Other studies have demonstrated the role of generalist predators in suppressing many species of Brassica pests in the field (Agarwal et al, 2007;Roger et al, 2000) or the effects of a complex of generalist predators on single species of Brassica (Oatman & Platner, 1969;Lim, 1992;Hooks et al, 2006;Miranda et al, 2011). This study added significant information on the impact of endemic natural enemy complexes on Brassica pests in two distinct agro-ecosystems, one in Queensland Australia and the other in West Java, Indonesia.…”

Section: Chapter 7: General Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

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Predation of cabbage pests: a combined ecological and molecular approach

Murtiningsih¹

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Plutella xylostella L (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) and Crocidolomia pavonana F (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) are serious pests of Brassica crops in the highlands of West Java, Indonesia, where they co-occur, and in Southeast Queensland, Australia where C. pavonana is a serious pest early in the crop season (February-May) and P. xylostella is a pest later in the year (June-November). Introductions of parasitoids of P. xylostella, especially Diadegma semiclausum Hellén (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), have had considerable success in both countries, but no effective larval or pupal parasitoids of C. pavonana are known. The use of insecticides to manage C. pavonana disrupts P. xylostella parasitoids, leading to pest outbreaks. Thus, an integrated pest management (IPM) strategy, that takes account of both pests, is needed in both regions. Although P. xylostella parasitoids have been the centre of much research over the past 50-60 years, the impact of predatory arthropods on pest populations has received much less attention. Similarly, little is known about the impact of predators on C. pavonana populations and it appears to be attacked by a particularly sparse parasitoid fauna. In recent years, considerable advances have been made in the development of DNA-based molecular techniques to detect the remains of insect prey within the guts of predatory arthropods. However, the methods have rarely been applied in conjunction with field experiments that measure the impact of natural enemies on pest/ prey populations. In this research, field studies used a combination of ecological (natural enemy exclusion experiments and the construction of life tables) and DNA-based molecular methods to quantify the impact of predatory arthropods on P. xylostella and C. pavonana populations and to identify the most important predatory groups preying on these insect pests in the different agro-ecosystems of Queensland and West Java. The specificity of previously designed primer sequences for P. xylostella, C. pavonana and Pieris rapae L. (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) mtCO1 DNA was confirmed by testing them against a wide range of herbivores and predatory arthropods collected from the field in both West Java and Queensland. Based on field studies, key groups of predators were selected to determine the detectability half-life of target P. xylostella and C. pavonana mtCO1 DNA in their guts following consumption of single prey items. For the P. xylostella mtCO1 DNA, when tested at 25 °C the detectability half-life (DHL) was lowest in Clubionidae (18 h) < Linyphiidae (42 h) ≤ Lycosidae (61 h) < Theridiidae (135 h). Similarly when tested at this temperature, the DHL for C. pavonana mtCO1 DNA was lower in Lycosidae (93 h) than in Theridiidae (193 h). Despite having a longer base pair sequence, the target C. pavonana fragment (276 bp) typically persisted for longer in the guts of predators than iii the P. xylostella fragment (165 bp) and in Theridiidae, the DHL of target DNA of both species decreased with increasing temperature when tested at 20, 25 and 30 °C Fiel...

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Reduviid: An Important Biological Control Agent

Sahayaraj

Balasubramanian

2016

Artificial Rearing of Reduviid Predators for Pest Management

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Population Density and Killing Capacity by Predators of Eggs and Larvae of the Diamondback Moth in Nicaragua

Cited by 9 publications

References 43 publications

The role of spiders as predators of two lepidopteran Brassica pests

The role of spiders as predators of two lepidopteran Brassica pests

Predation of cabbage pests: a combined ecological and molecular approach

Reduviid: An Important Biological Control Agent

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