Population density‐dependent regulation of exopolysaccharide formation in the hyperthermophilic bacterium <i>Thermotoga maritima</i>

Johnson, Matthew R.; Montero, Clemente I.; Conners, Shannon B.; Shockley, Keith R.; Bridger, Stephanie L.; Kelly, Robert M.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2004.04419.x

Cited by 90 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Up to date, coexpression of more than one GGDEF domain protein was shown to affect one phenotype, namely cellulose biosynthesis (Tal et al, 1998). Otherwise, coexpression of GGDEF domain proteins has been observed on the transcriptional level (Johnson et al, 2005). Our results show that all the three GGDEF domain proteins are activated by their specific external and membrane stimuli at the same time (Fig.…”

Section: Vc + Umr1 Adra101::mudjmentioning

confidence: 53%

Hierarchical involvement of various GGDEF domain proteins in rdar morphotype development of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium

Kader

Simm

Gerstel

et al. 2006

Molecular Microbiology

189

212

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SummaryGGDEF and EAL domain proteins are involved in the turnover of the novel secondary messenger cyclicdi(3 ¢AE 5 ¢ )-guanylic acid (c-di-GMP) in many bacteria. In this work the role of the 12 GGDEF domain proteins encoded by the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ( S. Typhimurium) chromosome in rdar morphotype development was investigated. Previously, it was shown that the GGDEF domain protein AdrA activated the biosynthesis of cellulose by production of c-di-GMP. Enhancement of the c-di-GMP levels by overexpression of the GGDEF domain protein AdrA did lead to the activation of curli fimbriae biosynthesis through the elevated expression of CsgD and CsgA. Although knock-out of the chromosomal copy of adrA influenced CsgA expression, CsgD expression was not altered, although more than half of the total cellular c-di-GMP was produced by AdrA at 16 h of growth. On the other hand, chromosomally encoded GGDEF-EAL domain proteins STM2123 and STM3388 were required to additively activate CsgD expression on a transcriptional and post-transcriptional level. Enhanced c-di-GMP levels did overcome temperature regulation of rdar morphotype expression by activation of curli fimbriae as well as cellulose biosynthesis through CsgD expression. Thus in the regulatory cascade leading to rdar morphotype expression c-di-GMP activates several subsequent steps in the network.

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Section: Vc + Umr1 Adra101::mudjmentioning

confidence: 53%

Hierarchical involvement of various GGDEF domain proteins in rdar morphotype development of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium

Kader

Simm

Gerstel

et al. 2006

Molecular Microbiology

189

212

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“…In total, carbohydrate specificities were proposed for six full or partial operons of Opp/Dpp transporter subunits, and expression results were confirmed for two operons previously examined (11). The results obtained will assist in streamlining biochemical characterizations of sub- (24). This transporter may be involved in export of a small peptide (TM0504) located downstream of the transporter which has been implicated in quorum sensing and biofilm formation (24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…A T. maritima cDNA microarray was constructed and utilized by using methodologies discussed previously (11,24). Hybridizations were carried out for 18 h according to modified TIGR protocols described elsewhere (11,20,21).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Expression-Driven Approach to the Prediction of Carbohydrate Transport and Utilization Regulons in theHyperthermophilic BacteriumThermotoga maritima

et al. 2005

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Comprehensive analysis of genome-wide expression patterns during growth of the hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima on 14 monosaccharide and polysaccharide substrates was undertaken with the goal of proposing carbohydrate specificities for transport systems and putative transcriptional regulators. Saccharide-induced regulons were predicted through the complementary use of comparative genomics, mixedmodel analysis of genome-wide microarray expression data, and examination of upstream sequence patterns. The results indicate that T. maritima relies extensively on ABC transporters for carbohydrate uptake, many of which are likely controlled by local regulators responsive to either the transport substrate or a key metabolic degradation product. Roles in uptake of specific carbohydrates were suggested for members of the expanded Opp/Dpp family of ABC transporters. In this family, phylogenetic relationships among transport systems revealed patterns of possible duplication and divergence as a strategy for the evolution of new uptake capabilities. The presence of GC-rich hairpin sequences between substrate-binding proteins and other components of Opp/Dpp family transporters offers a possible explanation for differential regulation of transporter subunit genes. Numerous improvements to T. maritima genome annotations were proposed, including the identification of ABC transport systems originally annotated as oligopeptide transporters as candidate transporters for rhamnose, xylose, ␤-xylan, and ␤-glucans and identification of genes likely to encode proteins missing from current annotations of the pentose phosphate pathway. Beyond the information obtained for T. maritima, the present study illustrates how expression-based strategies can be used for improving genome annotation in other microorganisms, especially those for which genetic systems are unavailable.Thermotoga maritima, a hyperthermophilic anaerobe with an optimal growth temperature of 80°C, has been found in diverse high-temperature locations and is capable of using a wide variety of simple and complex carbohydrate substrates for growth. The complexity of its carbohydrate utilization strategies, revealed by genome sequencing (48) and through previous work (11,12,47,51), is surprising, given the primitive features of this microorganism. Considerable genomic plasticity has been observed even within the Thermotoga genus, with respect to the gene content of carbohydrate active enzymes and transporter subunits, which may to some extent relate to lateral gene transfer events (48,49). Despite the range of sugar-active enzymes found within T. maritima MSB8 genome (Table S1 in the supplemental material) (6,9,10,23,27,34,35,37,38,39,42,45,46,54,70,71), a PTS (phosphoenolpyruvatedependent phosphotransferase system) similar to those used by other species for preferential uptake of selected sugars is apparently absent (48). No homologs of the PTS components EI and HPr (phosphocarrier proteins) and no sugar-specific EII sugar transporter subunits have been identified ...

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“…The presence of QS has been scarcely reported in extremophiles: (1) AHL based QS in haloalkaliphiles-Natronococcus occultus [135] and Halomonas [136,137], (2) peptide-based QS in hyperthermophileThermotoga maritima [138], and (3) a QSS regulated by furanosyl-borate diester signals in archaea [139]. Gramnegative luxS based AI2 producer QSS have been reported to regulate virulence in Helicobacter, Klebsiella, Porphyromonas, and Shigella.…”

Section: Othersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Emergence of Multi-quorum Sensing Inhibitor Resistant (MQSIR) Bacteria

et al. 2015

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Expression of certain bacterial genes only at a high bacterial cell density is termed as quorum-sensing (QS). Here bacteria use signaling molecules to communicate among themselves. QS mediated genes are generally involved in the expression of phenotypes such as bioluminescence, biofilm formation, competence, nodulation, and virulence. QS systems (QSS) vary from a single in Vibrio spp. to multiple in Pseudomonas and Sinorhizobium species. The complexity of QSS is further enhanced by the multiplicity of signals: (1) peptides, (2) acyl-homoserine lactones, (3) diketopiperazines. To counteract this pathogenic behaviour, a wide range of bioactive molecules acting as QS inhibitors (QSIs) have been elucidated. Unlike antibiotics, QSIs don't kill bacteria and act at much lower concentration than those of antibiotics. Bacterial ability to evolve resistance against multiple drugs has cautioned researchers to develop QSIs which may not generate undue pressure on bacteria to develop resistance against them. In this paper, we have discussed the implications of the diversity and multiplicity of QSS, in acting as an arsenal to withstand attack from QSIs and may use these as reservoirs to develop multi-QSI resistance.

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Population density‐dependent regulation of exopolysaccharide formation in the hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima

Cited by 90 publications

References 52 publications

Hierarchical involvement of various GGDEF domain proteins in rdar morphotype development of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium

Hierarchical involvement of various GGDEF domain proteins in rdar morphotype development of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium

An Expression-Driven Approach to the Prediction of Carbohydrate Transport and Utilization Regulons in theHyperthermophilic BacteriumThermotoga maritima

Potential Emergence of Multi-quorum Sensing Inhibitor Resistant (MQSIR) Bacteria

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