Population density, survival, growth, and development of the American cockroach

Wharton, D. R. A.; Lola, J.E.; Wharton, Martha L.

doi:10.1016/0022-1910(67)90120-5

Cited by 35 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The average total duration of development was 50 days, longer than that in our previous study (35 days; Taniguchi and Tomioka, 2003). This difference might have been caused by the density of nymphs in a cage, as has been suggested for some insects (Wharton et al, 1967;Fescemyer and Hammond, 1988). In the previous study, the density was 25-27 nymphs per box (6×6×9 cm) for the first six instars, and less than 15 crickets in a jar (diameter 16 cm, depth 9 cm) for the 7th or later instars.…”

Section: Nymphal Development Under Long-day and Short-day Conditionscontrasting

confidence: 45%

Effects of Unilateral Compound-Eye Removal on the Photoperiodic Responses of Nymphal Development in the Cricket Modicogryllus siamensis

Sakamoto

Tomioka

2007

Zoological Science

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The cricket, Modicogryllus siamensis, shows clear photoperiodic responses at 25°C in nymphal development. Under long-day conditions (LD16:8), nymphs became adults about 50 days after hatching, while under short-day conditions (LD8:16) the duration of nymphal stage extended to more than 130 days. Under constant dark conditions, two developmental patterns were observed: about 60% of crickets became adults slightly slower than under the long-day conditions, and the rest at later than 100 days after hatching, like those under the short-day conditions. When the compound eye was unilaterally removed on the 2nd day of hatching, an increase of molting and an extension of the nymphal period were observed under the long-day conditions, while under the short-day conditions, some crickets developed faster and others slower than intact crickets. These results suggest that this cricket receives photoperiodic information through the compound eye, that a pair of the compound eyes is required for a complete photoperiodic response, and that interaction between bilateral circadian clocks may be also involved in the response.

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Section: Nymphal Development Under Long-day and Short-day Conditionscontrasting

confidence: 45%

Effects of Unilateral Compound-Eye Removal on the Photoperiodic Responses of Nymphal Development in the Cricket Modicogryllus siamensis

Sakamoto

Tomioka

2007

Zoological Science

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“…The American cockroach, P. americana, can be found throughout the world; however, it is best known as a common household pest that thrives in warm and moist environments, such as steam tunnels or boiler rooms (6,42). Maturing to adulthood in as few as 6 months and living for up to 2 years, adult P. americana cockroaches are opportunistic feeders that can survive on a wide variety of food sources (40,43) and frequently subsist on no or limited food for days at a time (5). Thus, a stable resident gut community provides a remarkable evolutionary advantage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Core Gut Microbiome of the American Cockroach, Periplaneta americana, Is Stable and Resilient to Dietary Shifts

Tinker

Ottesen

2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

118

131

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The omnivorous cockroach Periplaneta americana hosts a diverse hindgut microbiota encompassing hundreds of microbial species. In this study, we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to examine the effect of diet on the composition of the P. americana hindgut microbial community. Results show that the hindgut microbiota of P. americana exhibit a highly stable core microbial community with low variance in compositions between individuals and minimal community change in response to dietary shifts. This core hindgut microbiome is shared between laboratory-hosted and wild-caught individuals, although wild-caught specimens exhibited a higher diversity of low-abundance microbes that were lost following extended cultivation under laboratory conditions. This taxonomic stability strongly contrasts with observations of the gut microbiota of mammals, which have been shown to be highly responsive to dietary change. A comparison of P. americana hindgut samples with human fecal samples indicated that the cockroach hindgut community exhibited higher alpha diversity but a substantially lower beta diversity than the human gut microbiome. This suggests that cockroaches have evolved unique mechanisms for establishing and maintaining a diverse and stable core microbiome. IMPORTANCEThe gut microbiome plays an important role in the overall health of its host. A healthy gut microbiota typically assists with defense against pathogens and the digestion and absorption of nutrients from food, while dysbiosis of the gut microbiota has been associated with reduced health. In this study, we examined the composition and stability of the gut microbiota from the omnivorous cockroach Periplaneta americana. We found that P. americana hosts a diverse core gut microbiome that remains stable after drastic long-term changes in diet. While other insects, notably ant and bee species, have evolved mechanisms for maintaining a stable association with specific gut microbiota, these insects typically host low-diversity gut microbiomes and consume specialized diets. In contrast, P. americana hosts a gut microbiota that is highly species rich and consumes a diverse solid diet, suggesting that cockroaches have evolved unique mechanisms for developing and maintaining a stable gut microbiota. Most insects host simple gut microbial communities, with only a few unique species represented; the reed beetle, honey bee, fruit fly, and gypsy moth all have fewer than 10 species of bacteria in their guts (1). The low complexity of these communities has been attributed to selective pressures dictated by host physiology (2) and the lack of extensive parental contact with offspring in many insects, which offers few opportunities for vertical and social transmission of gut microbes (1, 3). However, certain social and/or gregarious insect species, including cockroaches and their close relatives, the termites, host complex gut communities comprising hundreds of species (1,4,5).The cockroach gut is composed of three compartments: the foregut, midgut, and hindgut. Of the three, ...

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“…It is known that a larger body size is associated with longer postembryonic development in several cockroach species. Greater adult weight was, for example, a result of their longer duration of larval development in Blatta orientalis (Landowski, 1938), Periplaneta americana (Wharton et al, 1967), and Diploptera punctata (Woodhead and Paulson, 1983).…”

Section: Developmental Stagesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Morphological differences of immature stages between males and females in a Korean wood‐feeding cockroach (cryptocercus kyebangensis)

Park

Choe²

2003

Korean Journal of Biological Sciences

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Population density, survival, growth, and development of the American cockroach

Cited by 35 publications

References 23 publications

Effects of Unilateral Compound-Eye Removal on the Photoperiodic Responses of Nymphal Development in the Cricket Modicogryllus siamensis

Effects of Unilateral Compound-Eye Removal on the Photoperiodic Responses of Nymphal Development in the Cricket Modicogryllus siamensis

The Core Gut Microbiome of the American Cockroach, Periplaneta americana, Is Stable and Resilient to Dietary Shifts

Morphological differences of immature stages between males and females in a Korean wood‐feeding cockroach (cryptocercus kyebangensis)

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