Population dynamics of mosquito species in a West Nile virus endemic area in Madagascar

Abstract

Human and animal serological surveys suggest that West Nile virus (WNV) circulation is widely distributed in Madagascar. However, there are no reported West Nile fever outbreaks or epizootics in the country and only one fatal human case has been reported to date. Currently there is very limited information on the maintenance and the transmission of WNV in Madagascar and particularly on the mosquito species involved in transmission cycles. In 2014, we initiated a study to investigate mosquito species composition, relative abundance, and trophic behavior in Mitsinjo District close to Lake Kinkony, a WNV endemic area in north-western Madagascar. We collected a total of 2519 adult mosquitoes belonging to 21 different species. The most abundant species was Aedeomyia (Aedeomyia) madagascarica Brunhes, Boussès & da Cunha Ramos, which made up 83% of all the mosquitoes collected. Mosquito abundance was associated with proximity to the lake (Morafeno and Ankelimitondrotra). Additionally, a correlation was observed between the lake-side biotope and the abundance of mosquito vectors in Morafeno. WNV RNA was detected in one pool of Ae. madagascarica and one pool of Anopheles (Cellia) pauliani Grjebine, suggesting that these two species may be involved in the maintenance and/or transmission of WNV in Madagascar.

Diverse novel residentWolbachiastrains in Culicine mosquitoes from Madagascar

“…In previous entomological surveys in north-western Madagascar where WNV is endemic, Ad. madagascarica was the most abundant species and WNV RNA was detected in one pool suggesting this species may play a role in WNV maintenance or transmission 48 .…”

Larvicidal potency of selected xerophytic plant extracts on Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae)

“…; Tantely et al . ). The outbreak of RVF in 2000 resulted in 2211 human cases with 290 deaths in the Arabian Peninsula and an estimated 40,000 animals died and 8,000–10,000 aborted (Al‐Afaleq and Hussein ).…”

“…Insect-borne diseases pose serious health threats to human and animal health worldwide (WHO 1996). Mosquitoes are responsible for millions of deaths and hundreds of millions of cases of mosquito-borne diseases annually (WHO 1996) including malaria, dengue fever, chikungunya, zika virus, yellow fever and Rift Valley fever (RVF) (Das et al 2007;Ghosh et al 2012;Tantely et al 2017). The outbreak of RVF in 2000 resulted in 2211 human cases with 290 deaths in the Arabian Peninsula and an estimated 40,000 animals died and 8,000-10,000 aborted (Al-Afaleq and Hussein 2011).…”

Culicoides Latreille in the sun: faunistic inventory of Culicoides species (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Mayotte (Comoros Archipelago, Indian Ocean)

“…The south-west insular territories of the Indian Ocean have recently received attention concerning the diversity of arthropods of medical or veterinary interest [ 1 – 9 ]. This has been motivated by the recent epidemiological situation in the area.…”