Population dynamics of the citrus swallowtail, <i>Papilio xuthus</i> Linné (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae): Mechanisms stabilizing its numbers

Hirose, Yoshio; Suzuki, Yoshito; Takagi, Masami; Hiehata, Katsumi; Yamasaki, Mariko; Kimoto, Hiroyuki; Yamanaka, Masahiro; Iga, Mutsunori; Yamaguchi, Katsumi

doi:10.1007/bf02513625

Cited by 53 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…10), the carrying capacity K = SC max 2 /F 2 Z). The values of Cmax 2 appear in table 2, and data in Hirose et al (1980) yield the values of 5 = 134.12 and D = .31 per square meter and F = 200 (average number of eggs per adult). The average value of K is thus 94 adults (.35 adults/m x 264 m).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The average equilibrium, 11*, should therefore be about 50 adults (because Cfi t is about 0.5). The studies of Hirose et al (1980) arrived at an average number of adults of 53 ± 20 (SE). Although the predicted value is within the error margin, our K value is an underestimation because there were other nonsampled groves in the area, making the theoretical average (n*) also an underestimation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(For further discussion of this topic, see Ricklefs and Lau 1980;Smith 1982; for a concrete application to euchresis, see Soberon 1982. ) In a detailed study on the population dynamics of the swallowtail Papilio xuthus L. in a suburban area in Japan (Hirose et al 1980), life tables were obtained for different densities of the butterfly in four citrus groves with differing mortalities. Data on the use of the plots and on the total number of adults were also supplied.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even assuming unchanging suitabilities, an insect can still fail to make the proper choice because of, for example, confusing cues from background vegetation (Atsatt and O'Dowd 1976;Price et al 1980). Some physical features of the habitat, such as differences in insolation (Rausher 1979a;Hirose et al 1980), may also prevent resources from being fully used.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The Relationship Between Use and Suitability of Resources and Its Consequences to Insect Population Size

1986

The American Naturalist

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Relationship Between Use and Suitability of Resources and Its Consequences to Insect Population Size

1986

The American Naturalist

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Holcojoppa mactator is particularly well known from ecological studies as a common parasitoid of P . xuthus , often emerging from 30 to 50% of field‐reared pupae (Tsubaki, 1973; Watanabe, 1979, 1981; Hirose et al , 1980). It oviposits into and has been successfully reared from all instars of this host (Omata, 1984).…”

Section: (The Trogus Subgroup)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The cladistics and biology of the Callajoppa genus-group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae)

Sime

Wahl

2002

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A cladistic analysis is presented for the genera of the former ichneumonine tribe Trogini. The tribe Heresiarchini is paraphyletic with respect to the Trogini, and so maintaining Trogini as a separate tribe is unsatisfactory. Within Heresiarchini, the following changes are made: (a) the subtribes Apatetorina and Heresiarchina are referred to as the Apatetor and Heresiarches genus‐groups, (b) the genera of the paraphyletic subtribe Protichneumonina are treated as incerta sedis within Heresiarchini, and (c) the Trogini are referred to as the Callajoppa genus‐group, with the former subtribe Trogina referred to as the Trogus subgroup. Thirty‐five genera are recognized as valid within the Callajoppa genus‐group. Catadelphops, Catadelphus, Cobunus, and Facydes are transferred to this group; Holojoppa is removed and is incertae sedis within Heresiarchini. Three new synonyms are proposed: Araeoscelis and Cryptopyge are junior synonyms of Macrojoppa, and Neamblyjoppa is a junior synonym of Catadelphops. Trogus latipennis Cresson is transferred to Pedinopelte from Macrojoppa, and Trogus mactator Tosquinet and its related species (T. bicolor Radoszkowski, T. heinrichi Uchida, and T. tricephalus Uchida) are transferred to Holcojoppa. Tricyphus is redefined and a neotype is designated for Tricyphus cuspidiger Kriechbaumer, the type‐species of the genus. Thirteen new genera are described (authorship of all is Wahl & Sime): Charmedia (type‐species: Charmedia chavarriai Wahl & Sime, sp. n.), Daggoo (type‐species: Daggoo philoctetes Wahl & Sime, sp. n.), Dothenia (type‐species: Dothenia hansoni Wahl & Sime, sp. n.), Humbert (type‐species: Humbert humberti Wahl & Sime, sp. n.), Laderrica (type‐species: Laderrica feenyi Wahl & Sime, sp. n.), Mokajoppa (type‐species: Tricyphus respinozai Ward & Gauld), Metallichneumon (type‐species: Metallichneumon neurospastarchus Wahl & Sime, sp. n.), Myocious (type‐species: Myocious orientalis Wahl & Sime, sp. n.), Quandrus (type‐species: Trogus pepsoides Smith, transferred from Callajoppa), Queequeg (type‐species: Gathetus flavibasalis Uchida, transferred from Neofacydes), Saranaca (type‐species: Trogus elegans Cresson; includes Trogus apicalis Cresson, Tricyphyus ater Hopper, and Tricyphus floridanus Heinrich), Tashtego (type‐species: Tashtego janzeni Wahl & Sime, sp. n.), and Xanthosomnium (type‐species: Xanthosomnium froesei Wahl & Sime, sp. n.). A key to the genera of the Callajoppa genus‐group is provided. The evolution of biological traits within the Callajoppa genus‐group is discussed with reference to the elucidated phylogeny. The groundplan biology is parasitism of Sphingidae, with oviposition into a host pupa/prepupa. There have been two transitions to butterfly parasitism within the Trogus subgroup: one a transition to Papilionidae (followed by a switch to Nymphalidae at Psilomastax) and the other to Nymphalidae (followed by a switch to Papilionidae within Macrojoppa). ©2002 The Linnean Society of London. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 134, 1–56.

show abstract

Reproductive ecology and egg parasitism of the Samoan swallowtail butterfly

Banko,

Schmaedick,

Peck

et al. 2024

Ecosphere

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We investigated the reproductive ecology and effects of egg parasitism on the Samoan swallowtail butterfly (Papilio godeffroyi), which survives only on Tutuila Island, American Samoa, after having disappeared from the much larger islands of Upolu and Savai‘i in independent Samoa. During monthly surveys of its only known host plant, Micromelum minutum, across eight sites in 2013 and 2014, we collected eggs, eggshells, larvae, pupae, and pupal exuviae. Live specimens were reared under laboratory conditions to determine reproductive outcomes, developmental rates, and sex ratios, as well as parasitoid attack frequencies, brood sizes, and sex ratios. Sixty‐six of 448 (14.7%) eggs produced larvae, 47 of which became adults. The sex ratio was approximately even overall and within each developmental stage. Eggs were slightly larger on individual host trees and in host tree stands that yielded more eggs per unit of foliage, indicating that ovipositing females responded to some features of host trees and stands. Eggs hatching female or male larvae were similar in size, and the sexes developed at similar rates. A newly described species of parasitoid wasp, Ooencyrtus pitosina (Encyrtidae), emerged from 73.6% of 382 butterfly eggs that failed to hatch in the laboratory (62.7% of 448 eggs overall). Forty‐one other eggs contained dead parasitoid larvae. An additional, unidentified Ooencyrtus wasp species emerged from a single P. godeffroyi egg. No parasitoids were reared from P. godeffroyi larvae or pupae. Of 656 P. godeffroyi eggshells collected in the field and examined in the laboratory, 62.2% showed signs of having been parasitized by O. pitosina. There was no evidence that parasitism rates were density‐dependent. O. pitosina brood sizes ranged from 1 to 5, with the sex ratio skewed toward females (2.40 F:1.00 M). Larger parasitoid broods were associated with slightly larger host eggs, indicating that female wasps may adjust brood size according to host egg size or that fewer wasp larvae are able to complete development in smaller eggs. Techniques used to rear both P. godeffroyi and O. pitosina in the laboratory could be applied to a captive‐rear, wild‐release program, which may facilitate reestablishment of the species in Samoa.

show abstract

Population dynamics of the citrus swallowtail, Papilio xuthus Linné (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae): Mechanisms stabilizing its numbers

Cited by 53 publications

References 15 publications

The Relationship Between Use and Suitability of Resources and Its Consequences to Insect Population Size

The Relationship Between Use and Suitability of Resources and Its Consequences to Insect Population Size

The cladistics and biology of the Callajoppa genus-group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae)

Reproductive ecology and egg parasitism of the Samoan swallowtail butterfly

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About