Population dynamics of the sympagic amphipods Gammarus wilkitzkii and Apherusa glacialis in sea ice north of Svalbard

Beuchel, Frank; Lønne, Ole Jørgen

doi:10.1007/s00300-001-0329-8

Cited by 35 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…Reproduction takes place during winter, and juveniles are released from March (Melnikov 1997, Poltermann 1997. A high mortality rate has been calculated for A. glacialis in its first year (Beuchel & Lønne 2002), meaning that probably only part of the population survives the following winter. These losses may explain the lower abundances in winter (the present study) and spring (Werner & Gradinger 2002).…”

Section: Seasonal Variations In Abundance Of Under-ice Amphipodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variability in abundance, respiration and lipid composition of Arctic under-ice amphipods

Werner¹,

Auel²

2005

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The Arctic under-ice amphipods Apherusa glacialis, Onisimus glacialis, O. nanseni andGammarus wilkitzkii are autochthonous below the pack ice, i.e. they occur in this habitat during all seasons. In this study, seasonal dynamics in abundance were only evident in A. glacialis. Respiration rates did not differ significantly between summer and winter in any species, indicating that the under-ice habitat is a comparatively stable environment in terms of seasonal variations. The assessment of total lipids and fatty acid biomarkers revealed differences in feeding behaviour and overwintering strategy among the amphipod species. A. glacialis is strictly herbivorous, feeding on ice-algae at the underside of the ice during the productive season. The species overwinters in an active state, fuelled at least partly by internal lipid reserves stored during summer. O. glacialis switches from a predominantly herbivorous diet in summer to metazoan prey, including planktonic copepods, in winter, so that lipid catabolism is less important to winter survival. The congener O. nanseni relies on an opportunistic omnivorous diet throughout the year, with a higher proportion of metazoan prey during summer compared to O. glacialis. G. wilkitzkii is able to exploit a wide spectrum of food sources, from predominantly ice algae in summer to more ice fauna and planktonic copepods in winter. This species partly meets its energy requirements by using internal lipid reserves during winter.

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Section: Seasonal Variations In Abundance Of Under-ice Amphipodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variability in abundance, respiration and lipid composition of Arctic under-ice amphipods

Werner¹,

Auel²

2005

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…In the Arctic, further disappearance of multi-year ice will likely decrease the abundance of long-lived (6 years), ice-dependent amphipod species, such as G. wilkitzkii (Beuchel and Lønne, 2002;Gradinger et al, 2010;Barber et al, 2015), with possible replacement by the more pelagic amphipod Eusirus holimi (H. Hop, diving obs.). Species diversity has already declined, at least regionally (Melnikov et al, 2002), but differences in sampling efforts also need to be taken into consideration when determining change.…”

Section: Effects Of Advective Changes On Sea-ice Invertebrate Faunamentioning

confidence: 99%

Advection in polar and sub-polar environments: Impacts on high latitude marine ecosystems

Hunt

Drinkwater

Arrigo

et al. 2016

Progress in Oceanography

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a b s t r a c tWe compare and contrast the ecological impacts of atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns on polar and sub-polar marine ecosystems. Circulation patterns differ strikingly between the north and south. Meridional circulation in the north provides connections between the sub-Arctic and Arctic despite the presence of encircling continental landmasses, whereas annular circulation patterns in the south tend to isolate Antarctic surface waters from those in the north. These differences influence fundamental aspects of the polar ecosystems from the amount, thickness and duration of sea ice, to the types of organisms, and the ecology of zooplankton, fish, seabirds and marine mammals. Meridional flows in both the North Pacific and the North Atlantic oceans transport heat, nutrients, and plankton northward into the Chukchi Sea, the Barents Sea, and the seas off the west coast of Greenland. In the North Atlantic, the advected heat warms the waters of the southern Barents Sea and, with advected nutrients and plankton, supports immense biomasses of fish, seabirds and marine mammals. On the Pacific side of the Arctic, cold waters flowing northward across the northern Bering and Chukchi seas during winter and spring limit the ability of boreal fish species to take advantage of high seasonal production there. Southward flow of cold Arctic waters into sub-Arctic regions of the North Atlantic occurs mainly through Fram Strait with less through the Barents Sea and the Canadian Archipelago. In the Pacific, the transport of Arctic waters and plankton southward through Bering Strait is minimal.In the Southern Ocean, the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and its associated fronts are barriers to the southward dispersal of plankton and pelagic fishes from sub-Antarctic waters, with the consequent evolution of Antarctic zooplankton and fish species largely occurring in isolation from those to the north. The Antarctic Circumpolar Current also disperses biota throughout the Southern Ocean, and as a result, the biota tends to be similar within a given broad latitudinal band. South of the Southern Boundary of the ACC, there is a large-scale divergence that brings nutrient-rich water to the surface. This divergence, along with more localized upwelling regions and deep vertical convection in winter, generates elevated nutrient levels throughout the Antarctic at the end of austral winter. However, such elevated nutrient levels do not support elevated phytoplankton productivity through the entire Southern Ocean, as iron concentrations are rapidly removed to limiting levels by spring blooms in deep waters. However, coastal http://dx

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“…Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher G. wilkitzkii has the longest life span among the sympagic amphipods, living up to 6 yr (Poltermann 1997, Beuchel & Lønne 2002. For the other amphipod species, life spans range between 2 yr (A. glacialis; Beuchel & Lønne 2002) and 3 to 4 yr (O. nanseni and O. glacialis, respectively;Arndt & Beuchel 2005).…”

Section: Abstract: Arctic Ice Fauna · Sympagic Amphipods · Fram Stramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the other amphipod species, life spans range between 2 yr (A. glacialis; Beuchel & Lønne 2002) and 3 to 4 yr (O. nanseni and O. glacialis, respectively;Arndt & Beuchel 2005). As far as we know, all species feature a relatively high reproductive potential.…”

Section: Abstract: Arctic Ice Fauna · Sympagic Amphipods · Fram Stramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Maximal fecundity is in A. glacialis, with over 550 eggs per female life span (Poltermann 1997), followed by G. wilkitzkii with 300 to 500 eggs per female life span . As a long living species of high individual biomass (over 75 mg dry mass) and a mature body length of over 5 cm (Beuchel & Lønne 2002), G. wilkitzkii in particular represents an appropriate food source for higher trophic level predators such as polar cod, seals and sea birds (e.g. Bradstreet & Cross 1982, Gulliksen & Lønne 1989.…”

Section: Abstract: Arctic Ice Fauna · Sympagic Amphipods · Fram Stramentioning

confidence: 99%

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Origin and fate of ice fauna in the Fram Strait and Svalbard area

Pavlova¹

2005

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Population dynamics of the sympagic amphipods Gammarus wilkitzkii and Apherusa glacialis in sea ice north of Svalbard

Cited by 35 publications

References 0 publications

Seasonal variability in abundance, respiration and lipid composition of Arctic under-ice amphipods

Seasonal variability in abundance, respiration and lipid composition of Arctic under-ice amphipods

Advection in polar and sub-polar environments: Impacts on high latitude marine ecosystems

Origin and fate of ice fauna in the Fram Strait and Svalbard area

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