Population genetic structure of <i><scp>G</scp>asterophilus pecorum</i> in the <scp>K</scp>alamaili <scp>N</scp>ature <scp>R</scp>eserve, <scp>X</scp>injiang, based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase (<scp>COI</scp>) gene sequence

Wang, W.; Zhang, Dong; Hu, Defu; Chu, Hongjun; Cao, Jianhua; Ente, Make; Jiang, Guo-Fang; Li, K.

doi:10.1111/mve.12073

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Continuous monitoring of the released horses shows that they have been suffering from severe infestation of endoparasites of the Gastrophilus spp. or horse botfly [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. It is known that larvae of horse botflies could infest the digestive tract of an equine for 8 to 10 months [17], causing lesions along the duodenal ampulla and the duodenum proximal segment [18], and can further induce some clinical diseases, such as anaemia, diarrhoea, gastric rupture, peritonitis, perforating ulcers, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is known that larvae of horse botflies could infest the digestive tract of an equine for 8 to 10 months [ 17 ], causing lesions along the duodenal ampulla and the duodenum proximal segment [ 18 ], and can further induce some clinical diseases, such as anaemia, diarrhoea, gastric rupture, peritonitis, perforating ulcers, etc. [ 13 ]. Thus, the released Przewalski’s horses are captured annually for a short period of time in winter for parasitic infection assessment and corresponding expelling treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Gasterophilus pecorum infestation on the intestinal microbiota of the rewilded Przewalski’s horses in China

Chao

Zhang

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

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Horse botflies have been a threat to the Przewalski’s horses in the Kalamaili Nature Reserve in Xinjiang of China since their reintroduction to the original range. As larvae of these parasites could infest the intestine of a horse for months, they could interact with and alter the structure and composition of its intestinal microbiota, affecting adversely its health. Nonetheless, there are no such studies on the rewilded Przewalski’s horses yet. For the first time, this study characterizes the composition of the intestinal microbiota of 7 rewilded Przewalski’s horses infected severely by Gasterophilus pecorum following and prior to their anthelmintic treatment. Bioinformatics analyses of the sequence data obtained by amplicon high throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes showed that G. pecorum infestation significantly increased the richness of the intestinal microbial community but not its diversity. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were found the dominant phyla as in other animals, and the parasitic infestation decreased the F/B ratio largely by over 50%. Large reduction in relative abundances of the two genera Streptococcus and Lactobacillus observed with G. pecorum infestation suggested possible changes in colic and digestion related conditions of the infected horses. Variations on the relative abundance of the genus groups known to be pathogenic or symbiotic showed that adverse impact of the G. pecorum infestation could be associated with reduction of the symbiotic genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium that are probiotics and able to promote immunity against parasitic infection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Gasterophilus pecorum infestation on the intestinal microbiota of the rewilded Przewalski’s horses in China

Chao

Zhang

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

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“…Their eggs and larvae can survive in the digestive system (e.g., stomach and intestine) of a host for 8-10 months (3,4). Infection of horse botfly can cause serious clinical diseases, such as dysphagia, gastric and intestinal ulceration, gastric obstruction, and volvulus; it could even lead to severe risks of anemia, diarrhea, gastric rupture, peritonitis, perforating ulcers, and other complications (5)(6)(7). The horse botfly epidemic has been serious in the desert steppe of Xinjiang, China, with six species including G. haemorrhoidalis, G. inermis, G. intestinalis, G. nasalis, G. nigricornis, and G. pecorum commonly found in the local equids (8,9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metagenomic Analysis of Fecal Archaea, Bacteria, Eukaryota, and Virus in Przewalski's Horses Following Anthelmintic Treatment

Yang²,

et al. 2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Intestinal microbiota is involved in immune response and metabolism of the host. The frequent use of anthelmintic compounds for parasite expulsion causes disturbance to the equine intestinal microbiota. However, most studies were on the effects of such treatment on the intestinal bacterial microbes; none is on the entire microbial community including archaea and eukaryotic and viral community in equine animals. This study is the first to explore the differences of the microbial community composition and structure in Przewalski's horses prior to and following anthelmintic treatment, and to determine the corresponding changes of their functional attributes based on metagenomic sequencing. Results showed that in archaea, the methanogen of Euryarchaeota was the dominant phylum. Under this phylum, anthelmintic treatment increased the Methanobrevibacter genus and decreased the Methanocorpusculum genus and two other dominant archaea species, Methanocorpusculum labreanum and Methanocorpusculum bavaricum. In bacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla. Anthelmintic treatment increased the genera of Clostridium and Eubacterium and decreased those of Bacteroides and Prevotella and dominant bacteria species. These altered genera were associated with immunity and digestion. In eukaryota, anthelmintic treatment also changed the genera related to digestion and substantially decreased the relative abundances of identified species. In virus, anthelmintic treatment increased the genus of unclassified_d__Viruses and decreased those of unclassified_f__Siphoviridae and unclassified_f__Myoviridae. Most of the identified viral species were classified into phage, which were more sensitive to anthelmintic treatment than other viruses. Furthermore, anthelmintic treatment was found to increase the number of pathogens related to some clinical diseases in horses. The COG and KEGG function analysis showed that the intestinal microbiota of Przewalski's horse mainly participated in the carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. The anthelmintic treatment did not change their overall function; however, it displaced the population of the functional microbes involved in each function or pathway. These results provide a complete view on the changes caused by anthelmintic treatment in the intestinal microbiota of the Przewalski's horses.

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“…In this study, analyses of the mitochondrial cox 1 and cox 2 genes of G. pecorum , G. intestinalis , G. nasalis and G. nigricornis revealed that besides cox 1 gene haplotypes in the DL population of G. nasalis , the other populations of each species showed high Hd , indicating a high degree of cox 1 and cox 2 gene polymorphism in Gasterophilus species, all of which showed a high degree of concordance with fewer common haplotypes and fewer samples sharing the same haplotype. The high diversity of G. pecorum has been previously reported [ 35 ]. Compared to the mitochondrial cox 1 gene, the cox 2 sequences of G. pecorum and G. nasalis showed higher Hd and π and more private haplotypes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Genetic diversity of common Gasterophilus spp. from distinct habitats in China

et al. 2018

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BackgroundGasterophilus species are widely distributed around the world. The larvae of these flies parasitize the digestive tract of equids and cause damage, hindering horse breeding and protection of endangered species. However, study of the genetic structure of geographically distinct Gasterophilus populations is lacking. Here, we analyzed the genetic diversity of Gasterophilus pecorum, G. intestinalis, G. nasalis and G. nigricornis from three typical grasslands (meadow, desert and alpine steppes) in China as compared to published sequences from Italy, Poland and China (Daqing and Yili), based on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase cox1 and cox2 gene sequences.ResultsHaplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity of mitochondrial genes was generally high in all Gasterophilus populations. Due to the unique natural climatic conditions of the alpine steppe, there were high levels of genetic differentiation among different geographical populations of G. pecorum and G. nasalis, indicating that environmental variations influenced population genetic structure. Frequent exchanges between meadow and desert steppe Gasterophilus species resulted in low genetic differentiation. The highest exchange rates were found among G. intestinalis populations. Genetic differentiation was only observed on a large geographical scale, which was confirmed by analyzing population genetic structure. Three species, G. pecorum, G. intestinalis and G. nasalis, from meadow steppe showed a high emigration rate, indicating that the direction of Gasterophilus dispersal in China was from east to west.ConclusionsOur results show that the four Gasterophilus species have a high level of genetic diversity and different degrees of genetic differentiation and gene flow among different populations of the same species, reflecting their potential to adapt to the environment and the environmental impact on genetic structure. Knowledge of the genetic structure, population history, and migration will help understand the occurrence and prevalence of gasterophilosis and provide a basis for controlling the local spread of Gasterophilus spp.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-3042-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Population genetic structure of Gasterophilus pecorum in the Kalamaili Nature Reserve, Xinjiang, based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase (COI) gene sequence

Cited by 12 publications

References 25 publications

Effects of Gasterophilus pecorum infestation on the intestinal microbiota of the rewilded Przewalski’s horses in China

Effects of Gasterophilus pecorum infestation on the intestinal microbiota of the rewilded Przewalski’s horses in China

Metagenomic Analysis of Fecal Archaea, Bacteria, Eukaryota, and Virus in Przewalski's Horses Following Anthelmintic Treatment

Genetic diversity of common Gasterophilus spp. from distinct habitats in China

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