“…For example, we found that urban fragmentation can result in increased genetic drift and reduced gene flow for many organisms including both small (Gortat et al, ) and large mammals (Wilson, Farley, McDonough, Talbot, & Barboza, ), lizards (Delaney et al, ), amphibians (Hitchings & Beebee, ), fish (Mather, Hancox, & Riginos, ), insects (Keller, Nentwig, & Largiader, ) and plants (Hollingsworth & Dickson, ). Urban facilitation, however, resulted in reduced drift and increased gene flow in a variety of organisms including insects (Kamdem, Fouet, Gamez, & White, ; Vickruck & Richards, ), birds (Tang et al, ), mammals (Adams, van Heezik, Dickinson, & Robertson, ) and plants (Johnson, Prashad, Lavoignat, & Saini, ). Indeed, a wide variety of taxa also experienced no change in genetic drift and gene flow, including organisms as diverse as plants (Culley, Sbita, & Wick, ) and mammals (Atterby, Allnutt, MacNicoll, Jones, & Smith, ).…”