Population genetics, taxonomy, phylogeny and evolution of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato

Margos, Gabriele; Vollmer, Stephanie A.; Ogden, Nicholas H.; Fish, Durland

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2011.07.022

Cited by 234 publications

(234 citation statements)

References 248 publications

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“…While B. burgdorferi ss accounts for most human borreliosis cases (Bacon et al, 2008) (Margos et al, 2011(Margos et al, , 2012. In this study, we compared murine infection and antibody response to B. bissettii, a widespread yet understudied Borrelia spirochaete, and the widely studied human pathogenic B. burgdorferi ss.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three decades after this discovery, advancements in molecular biology have led to the delineation of the B. burgdorferi sensu lato (sl) species complex (Stanek & Reiter, 2011). This complex comprises, at the time of writing, 18 named species distributed around the globe (Kurtenbach et al, 2006;Margos et al, 2011). While genetically similar, many of these bacteria occur in specific tick-vertebrate enzootic cycles (Gray et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…erythema migrans, facial palsy and major joint arthralgia), exposure to vector ticks in endemic areas and serological diagnostic tests (Aguero-Rosenfeld et al, 2005). It is well recognized that B. burgdorferi sl spirochaetes cause a variety of clinical symptoms (Piesman & Gern, 2004;Rizzoli et al, 2011), overlap geographically (Margos et al, 2011(Margos et al, , 2012 and exhibit differential reactivity with current serological diagnostic tests (Branda et al, 2013;Norman et al, 1996). Initial diagnostic tests (ELISAs and IgM/IgG immunoblots) were designed based on the B. burgdorferi ss organism; however, with our increased understanding of the genetic diversity of this species complex, many of these tests are proving to be less effective in their diagnostic abilities in areas where multiple Borrelia species are implicated in human disease (Dressler et al, 1994;Hauser et al, 1997Hauser et al, , 1998aNorman et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Similarities in murine infection and immune response to Borrelia bissettii and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto

Leydet

Liang

2015

Microbiology

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In 1982, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (ss) was identified as the aetiological agent of Lyme disease. Since then an increasing number of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (sl) species have been isolated in the United States. To date, many of these species remain understudied despite mounting evidence associating them with human illness. Borrelia bissettii is a spirochaete closely related to B. burgdorferi that has been loosely associated with human illness. Using an experimental murine infection model, we compared the infectivity and humoral immune response with a North American isolate of B. bissettii and B. burgdorferi using culture, molecular and serological methods. The original B. bissettii cultures were unable to infect immunocompetent mice, but were confirmed to be infectious after adaptation in immunodeficient animals. B. bissettii infection resulted in spirochaete burdens similar to B. burgdorferi in skin, heart and bladder whereas significantly lower burdens were observed in the joint tissues. B. bissettii induced an antibody response similar to B. burgdorferi as measured by both immunoblotting and the C6 ELISA. Additionally, this isolate of B. bissettii was sequenced on the Ion Torrent PGM, which successfully identified many genes orthologous to mammalian virulence factors described in B. burgdorferi. Similarities seen between both infections in this well-characterized murine model contribute to our understanding of the potential pathogenic nature of B. bissettii. Infection dynamics of B. bissettii, and especially the induced humoral response, are similar to B. burgdorferi, suggesting this species may contribute to the epidemiology of human borreliosis. INTRODUCTIONIn 1982, the causative agent of Lyme disease was isolated from an Ixodes scapularis tick (Burgdorfer et al., 1982). The bacterium, a spirochaete, was named Borrelia burgdorferi after Willy Burgdorfer, one of the researchers who identified it. Three decades after this discovery, advancements in molecular biology have led to the delineation of the B. burgdorferi sensu lato (sl) species complex (Stanek & Reiter, 2011). This complex comprises, at the time of writing, 18 named species distributed around the globe (Kurtenbach et al., 2006;Margos et al., 2011). While genetically similar, many of these bacteria occur in specific tick-vertebrate enzootic cycles (Gray et al., 2002). Some vector ticks commonly contact humans (Estrada-Peña & Jongejan, 1999), but many of these Borrelia enzootic cycles involve ticks that rarely bite humans, which subsequently leaves the pathogenicity of many B. burgdorferi sl species in question (Kiewra & Lonc, 2012;Margos et al., 2012).In 2011, 33 000 cases of human Lyme disease were reported to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC, 2011). Yet, recently the CDC has announced they estimate this statistic is well below the actual number of diagnosed cases (*300 000 year) (Hinckley et al., 2014). Although seven B. burgdorferi sl species have been isolated in culture in North America only B. burgdorferi sensu stricto (...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Similarities in murine infection and immune response to Borrelia bissettii and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto

Leydet

Liang

2015

Microbiology

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“…Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. is a species complex that consists of 18 different genospecies worldwide 46,47 . Each genospecies has evolved in a different way to circumvent the immune response of the hosts it resides in, which has resulted in host specificity of the different genospecies 48 .…”

Section: Ticks and Tick-borne Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both I. ricinus and B. burgdorferi are considered generalist parasites, as they utilize a multitude of host species 37,46 . These host species differ considerably in the numbers of ticks they feed, which differs between the different life stages of the tick 36,64 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The wild life of tick-borne pathogens

Hofmeester

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Molecular Typing ofBorrelia burgdorferi

et al. 2014

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Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato is a group of spirochetes belonging to the genus Borrelia in the family of Spirochaetaceae. The spirochete is transmitted between reservoirs and hosts by ticks of the family Ixodidae. Infection with B. burgdorferi in humans causes Lyme disease or Lyme borreliosis. Currently, 20 Lyme disease-associated Borrelia species and more than 20 relapsing fever-associated Borrelia species have been described. Identification and differentiation of different Borrelia species and strains is largely dependent on analyses of their genetic characteristics. A variety of molecular techniques have been described for Borrelia isolate speciation, molecular epidemiology, and pathogenicity studies. In this unit, we focus on three basic protocols, PCR-RFLP-based typing of the rrs-rrlA and rrfA-rrlB ribosomal spacer, ospC typing, and MLST. These protocols can be employed alone or in combination for characterization of B. burgdorferi isolates or directly on uncultivated organisms in ticks, mammalian host reservoirs, and human clinical specimens.

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Population genetics, taxonomy, phylogeny and evolution of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato

Cited by 234 publications

References 248 publications

Similarities in murine infection and immune response to Borrelia bissettii and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto

Similarities in murine infection and immune response to Borrelia bissettii and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto

The wild life of tick-borne pathogens

Molecular Typing ofBorrelia burgdorferi

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