The cultivated chickpea species has been taxonomically placed in the genus Cicer, which belongs to the family Fabaceae and its monogeneric tribe Cicereae Alef. (Kupicha, 1981). Presently, the genus Cicer consists of 43 species (Table 7.1), divided into 4 sections, Monocicer, Chamaecicer, Polycicer, and Acanthocicer, based on their morphological characteristics, life cycle, and geographical distribution (van der Maesen, 1987; http://singer.cgiar.org/Search/SINGER/search.htm). Eight Chickpea 231