Population-level impact of hormonal contraception on incidence of HIV infection and pregnancy in women in Durban, South Africa

Ramjee, Gita; Wand, Handan

doi:10.2471/blt.12.105700

Cited by 12 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…While a straightforward causal link between HC use and heightened HIV transmission remains to be demonstrated, preliminary evidence suggesting potential increased risk to HIV susceptibility and infectivity due to HC use, [3,17,28,40,51,55,70], compels for the modelling of theoretical aspects and the what if scenarios regarding the dynamic influence of HC use on HIV transmission. We designed a deterministic compartmental model to provide perspectives on the dynamical interaction of HIV and the social and biological aspects of reproductive health practiced by communities in sub-Saharan Africa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The protective effect of condom use on HIV transmission is modelled by 1 − p c where p c = ǫψ, with the parameters ǫ and ψ modeling condom efficacy and consistency respectively. Females who use HC are more susceptible to the virus at a relative measure of susceptibility χ > 1 [28,70] and they are at increased risk of passing on the virus to their partner at a relative measure of infectivity θ > 1 [28].…”

Section: Model Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As early as 2004, HC use was already being cited as a possible risk factor for HIV transmission [88]. According to recent studies [28,70], women who use hormonal methods of birth control such as the pill or the contraceptive injection had a significantly higher risk of HIV-1 seroconversion. Heffron et al [28] reported two fold increases in the risks of both HIV acquisition and HIV transmission among women in HIV discordant couples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Results of an analogous study in macaques [50] showed that female rhesus macaques with progesterone implants were 7.7 times more likely to be infected with simian immunodeficiency virus than macaques that had a placebo implant. Other studies reporting increased risk of HIV acquisition in women and possible increased risk of female-to-male HIV transmission include [3,40,45,[65][66][67]70].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Assessing the Potential Impact of Hormonal-Based Contraceptives on HIV Transmission Dynamics Among Heterosexuals

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: HIV susceptibility linked to hormonal contraception (HC) has been studied before, but with mixed results. Recent findings have prompted the World Health Organisation (WHO), to encourage women who use HC to concurrently use condoms in order to prevent HIV infection in light of possible increased HIV risk of infection associated with hormone based contraceptives. Methods and Findings: A two sex HIV model classifying women into three risk groups consisting of individuals who use condoms, natural methods and hormone based contraceptives is formulated and analysed to assess the effects of various birth control methods on the transmission dynamics of the disease. Our model results showed that women who use HC could be key drivers of the epidemic and that their increased infectivity may be critical in driving the epidemic. Women who use hormone based contraceptives potentially act as a core-group from which men get infected and in turn transmit the disease to other population groups. We fitted the model to HIV prevalence data for Zimbabwe reported by UNAIDS and Zimbabwe Ministry of Health and Child welfare (MoHCW) and used the model fit to project HIV prevalence. Predictions using HIV data for Zimbabwe suggest that a hypothesised increase in susceptibility and infectivity of 2, 3, and 4 fold would result in a 25%, 50% and 100% increase in baseline HIV prevalence projection respectively, thus suggesting possible increased disease burden even in countries reporting plausible HIV prevalence declines. Conclusion:Although a possible causal relationship between HIV susceptibility and HC use remains subject of continuing scientific probe, its inclusion as part of birth control strategy, has been shown in this study, to possibly have significant influence on HIV transmission. If proven, HC use may potentially explain the inordinate spread of HIV within the sub-Saharan Africa region and therefore compel for urgent assessment with a view to reorienting birth control methods in use in settings with generalised epidemics.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Model Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Assessing the Potential Impact of Hormonal-Based Contraceptives on HIV Transmission Dynamics Among Heterosexuals

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…34 Observational evidence suggests that progesterone containing injectable contraception depot medroxy progesterone acetate (DMPA) may be putting women at higher risk of HIV acquisition. [34][35][36][37] Earlier studies showed that pregnant women are at a higher risk of HIV infection than lactating or other women, possibly due to physiological changes that a woman undergoes during pregnancy. 38 High levels of oestrogen and progesterone either during pregnancy or from exogenous sources could cause changes in the structure of the genital mucosa or cause immunological changes, such as an increase in mucosal lymphoid aggregates or hormone-induced over expression of co-receptors associated with HIV infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender-Based Differences In Hematological and Cd4+ T-Lymphocyte Counts among HIV-Patients in Ido-Ekiti

Jacob¹

2017

HTIJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Differences in prevalence and severity of HIV/AIDS between males and females remain complex and controversial; this may vary with time in the same location during the course of the epidemic, and vary greatly by place of residence. The aim of the study was to assess existent sex variations, the efficacy and ability of HAART to resolve hematological and immunological abnormalities in HIV infected.Methodology: A total of 400 HIV infected participants were recruited for the study from Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti between Agust-2013 to February 2014. 4ml of blood samples were collected into K 2 EDTA bottles for the analysis of hematological and immunological parameters. The volunteers comprised of both male and female respectively 123 (54 on HAART and 69 HAART naïve) 277 (146 on HAART and 131 HAART naïve).Results: Hematological and immunological parameters were found to be significantly different (p<0.05) among male and female patients under HAART. Conclusion:This study revealed that there is significant difference in hematological and immunological parameters between male and female on HAART and HAART naïve patients.

show abstract

Geographical Clustering of High Risk Sexual Behaviors in “Hot-Spots” for HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infections in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa

Ramjee

Wand

2013

AIDS Behav

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We investigated geographical variations of three sexually transmitted infections (STIs) namely chlamydia, gonorrhea and syphilis in the greater Durban area, so as to optimize intervention strategies. The study population was a cohort of sexually active women who consented to be screened in one of three biomedical studies conducted in Durban. A total of nine local regions collectively formed three clusters at screening, five of which were previously defined as HIV hot-spots. STI cases were geo-coded at the census level based on residence at the time of screening. Spatial SaTScan Statistics software was employed to identify the areas with a disproportionate prevalence and incidence of STI infection when compared to the neighboring areas under study. Both prevalence and incidence of STIs were collectively clustered in several localized areas, and the majority of these locations overlapped with high HIV clusters and shared the same characteristics: younger age, not married/cohabitating and multiple sex partners.

show abstract

Population-level impact of hormonal contraception on incidence of HIV infection and pregnancy in women in Durban, South Africa

Cited by 12 publications

References 28 publications

Assessing the Potential Impact of Hormonal-Based Contraceptives on HIV Transmission Dynamics Among Heterosexuals

Assessing the Potential Impact of Hormonal-Based Contraceptives on HIV Transmission Dynamics Among Heterosexuals

Gender-Based Differences In Hematological and Cd4+ T-Lymphocyte Counts among HIV-Patients in Ido-Ekiti

Geographical Clustering of High Risk Sexual Behaviors in “Hot-Spots” for HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infections in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About