Population Migration and the Variation of Dopamine D4 Receptor (DRD4) Allele Frequencies Around the Globe

Chen, Chuansheng; Burton, Michael L.; Greenberger, Ellen; Dmitrieva, Julia

doi:10.1016/s1090-5138(99)00015-x

Cited by 257 publications

(195 citation statements)

References 39 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

182

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Bottlenecks certainly have occurred during human migration and evolution (33)(34)(35) and undoubtedly have influenced the current worldwide DRD4 allele frequency. Numerous population studies on other genes (24,33,35) have shown that an ''out-ofAfrica'' constriction of allele diversity (and an increase in LD) likely occurred.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Evidence of positive selection acting at the human dopamine receptor D4 gene locus

Ding

Chi²,

Grady³

et al. 2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

455

475

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Associations have been reported of the seven-repeat (7R) allele of the human dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene with both attentiondeficit͞hyperactivity disorder and the personality trait of novelty seeking. This polymorphism occurs in a 48-bp tandem repeat in the coding region of DRD4, with the most common allele containing four repeats (4R) and rarer variants containing 2-11. Here we show by DNA resequencing͞haplotyping of 600 DRD4 alleles, representing a worldwide population sample, that the origin of 2R-6R alleles can be explained by simple one-step recombination͞mutation events. In contrast, the 7R allele is not simply related to the other common alleles, differing by greater than six recombinations͞mutations. Strong linkage disequilibrium was found between the 7R allele and surrounding DRD4 polymorphisms, suggesting that this allele is at least 5-10-fold ''younger'' than the common 4R allele. Based on an observed bias toward nonsynonymous amino acid changes, the unusual DNA sequence organization, and the strong linkage disequilibrium surrounding the DRD4 7R allele, we propose that this allele originated as a rare mutational event that nevertheless increased to high frequency in human populations by positive selection.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…drove the expansion (and partial replacement). The speculation that migration could account for the current 7R allele distribution has been proposed (34). In addition to such phenotypic selection, sexual selection could be operating as well.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of positive selection acting at the human dopamine receptor D4 gene locus

Ding

Chi²,

Grady³

et al. 2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

455

475

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is even more difficult to imagine that in all three archipelagos, all founding populations exhibited coincidentally similar patterns of extraversion and openness. Chen, Burton, Greenberger, and Dmitrieva (1999) have advocated selective mortality to explain personality evolution. These authors examined large samples of populations worldwide, who had emigrated several thousand miles during human history (hundreds of generations).…”

Section: Third Theoretical Issue: Which Is the Biological Force By Mementioning

confidence: 99%

The adaptive value of personality differences revealed by small island population dynamics

et al. 2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Whether differences in personality among populations really exist and, if so, whether they are only due to cultural and linguistic differences or have a genetically selected adaptive value, is a controversial issue. In this research, we compared three Italian populations living on three small archipelagos in the Tyrrhenian Sea (n ¼ 993), with their corresponding neighbouring mainlanders (n ¼ 598), i.e. sharing the same geographical origin, culture and language. We used an adjective-based Big Five questionnaire in order to measure personality traits in four categories of individuals for each archipelago/mainland population: (1) original islanders; (2) non-original islanders; (3) mainlanders and (4) immigrants to the islands. We further analysed original and non-original islanders who had or had not emigrated from the islands. We found that islanders had different personality traits from mainlanders, the former being more conscientious and emotionally stable and less extraverted and open to experience. We also found that the subgroup of islanders whose ancestors had inhabited their island for about 20 generations in isolation (original islanders, n ¼ 624) were less extraverted and open to experience than immigrants (n ¼ 193). In contrast, immigrants retained the typical personality profile of the mainland populations. Lastly, emigrants from the islands (n ¼ 209) were significantly more extraverted and open to experience than original and non-original islanders who had never left their island (n ¼ 741). We hypothesise that population differences in extraversion and openness to experience are more probably related to genetic differences which evolved rapidly, presumably through an active gene flow produced by selective emigration from the islands.

show abstract

“…It has been the subject of intense interest in psychiatry, because bearers of one variant are at increased risk for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (1). A survey of world frequencies of DRD4 alleles has shown striking differences among populations (2), with population differences greater than those of most neutral markers. In this issue of PNAS Ding et al (3) provide a detailed molecular portrait of world diversity at the DRD4 locus.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…What we see today looks much more likely to be the consequence of some kind of frequency-dependent selection, in which the frequency of the new allele increases up to a certain point and then stabilizes. These selective forces must not be the same in all populations, because the 7R allele is quite common in some populations (South American Indians), exists at intermediate frequencies in others (Europeans and Africans), and is rare to nonexistent in yet others (East Asia, !Kung Bushmen) (2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

In our genes

Harpending

Cochran

2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

108

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Population Migration and the Variation of Dopamine D4 Receptor (DRD4) Allele Frequencies Around the Globe

Cited by 257 publications

References 39 publications

Evidence of positive selection acting at the human dopamine receptor D4 gene locus

Evidence of positive selection acting at the human dopamine receptor D4 gene locus

The adaptive value of personality differences revealed by small island population dynamics

In our genes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About