Population Structure of Fusarium graminearum Isolated from Different Sources in One Area over the Course of Three Years

Abstract

<jats:p> Fusarium head blight (FHB) is an important crop disease worldwide and is mainly caused by members of the Fusarium graminearum species complex. F. graminearum sensu stricto is the most common cosmopolitan and predominant FHB causal agent in Europe. Thus far, the majority of studies have focused on the primary hosts (wheat and barley) of this pathogen, while the relationships between other sources of infection remain unclear. We monitored and sampled test fields over the course of 3 years and acquired 804 F. graminearum isolates from different sources: primary hosts and other plant species included in the crop rotations, weeds from the test fields, decaying plant residue, soil samples, and crop seed. Of these isolates, 73.3% had the 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol genotype and 26.7% had the 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol genotype. F. graminearum isolation rates from weeds (&gt;50%) were much higher than from soil (&lt; 10%) or decaying plant matter (4%). Variable number of tandem repeat markers were used for population analysis. Noticeable genetic differentiation was detected between isolates from living plants and soil biome. In contrast, absence of any noticeable division between primary and alternative plant host communities indicates the importance of weeds and other segetal plants for FHB control and prevention. </jats:p>

Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Fusarium commune Causing Strawberry Root Rot in Southcentral China

“…Their results suggested evidence for potential differential infectiousness/pathogenicity among strains in the soil population of F. graminearum [47]. At present, whether a similar phenomenon exists in F. commune in their pathogenicity toward strawberries is not known.…”

“…Whether the frequently observed genotypes of F. commune are also more frequently found in the soil and/or in other plants at these sites remain to be investigated. In a study of Fusarium graminearum from different sources in Lithuania and Latvia, low but statistically significant genetic difference (raw data, F ST = 0.0245, p < 0.05; clonecorrected data, F ST = 0.0245, p < 0.05) were found between the soil population and those from living plants [47]. However, no statistically significant difference was found among F. graminearum populations from different groups of host plants or from different years.…”

In Vitro Sensitivity Test of Fusarium Species from Weeds and Non-Gramineous Plants to Triazole Fungicides

“…Fusarium species were isolated and identified by colony morphology and spore shape using a light microscope, as described by Leslie and Summerell [ 27 ]. DNA for PCR was extracted from 1- to 2-week-old mycelia using a ZR Fungal/Bacterial DNA MiniPrep kit (Zymo Research, Irvine, CA, USA) according to Sneideris et al [ 28 ]. All morphologically identified cultures of Fusarium species were verified by species-specific PCR using the primer pairs ( F. avenaceum : J1AF/R; F. culmorum : FC01F/R; F. graminearum : Fg16F/R; and F. sporotrichioides : AF330109CF/R) reported by Demeke et al [ 29 ] and using conventional end-point PCR.…”

“…The thermocycling conditions consisted of initial denaturation and polymerase activation at 95 °C for 10 min; then, 38 cycles of 95 °C for 40 s, 55 to 62 °C for 30 s, and 72 °C for 55 s; followed by a final extension at 72 °C for 10 min. The annealing temperature was selected for each primer pair according to their original description [ 9 , 28 , 30 ].…”

Soil Fungistasis against Fusarium Graminearum under Different tillage Systems

“…were subcultured, purified, and identified based on the colony morphology and spore shape [ 52 ]. The colonies identified as F. graminearum were then confirmed by species-specific PCR [ 53 ].…”