Populus NST/SND orthologs are key regulators of secondary cell wall formation in wood fibers, phloem fibers and xylem ray parenchyma cells

Takata, Naoki; Awano, Tatsuya; Nakata, Miyuki T; Sano, Yuichi; Sakamoto, Shingo; Mitsuda, Nobutaka; Taniguchi, Tadatsugu

doi:10.1093/treephys/tpz004

Cited by 67 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…On the other hand, we found that several genes that are involved in the negative regulation of trichome development were downregulated in trichomes, such as MYB82 (TEA023420), whose homologous gene was overexpressed in Arabidopsis, leading to reduced trichome numbers [10]. In this study, we found that some MYB (13), NAC (7), and WRKY (4) DEGs were trichome specific (Figure 4), and most trichome-specific genes were associated with cell wall synthesis, such as TEA013629 (homologues to AtNST1 gene) [64,65] and TEA007243 (homologues to AtMYB86 gene) [66], indicating that these TFs might be mainly involved in trichome development and growth regulation through modulating the cell wall or fiber synthesis. These trichome-specific TFs appear to participate in trichome elongation rather than initiation, and their potential functions in cell expansion and cell wall synthesis deserve further investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Integrative Transcriptomic and Metabolic Analyses Provide Insights into the Role of Trichomes in Tea Plant (Camellia Sinensis)

Cao

et al. 2020

Biomolecules

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Trichomes, which develop from epidermal cells, are regarded as one of the key features that are involved in the evaluation of tea quality and tea germplasm resources. The metabolites from trichomes have been well characterized in tea products. However, little is known regarding the metabolites in fresh tea trichomes and the molecular differences in trichomes and tea leaves per se. In this study, we developed a method to collect trichomes from tea plant tender shoots, and their main secondary metabolites, including catechins, caffeine, amino acids, and aroma compounds, were determined. We found that the majority of these compounds were significantly less abundant in trichomes than in tea leaves. RNA-Seq was used to investigate the differences in the molecular regulatory mechanism between trichomes and leaves to gain further insight into the differences in trichomes and tea leaves. In total, 52.96 Gb of clean data were generated, and 6560 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 4471 upregulated and 2089 downregulated genes, were identified in the trichomes vs. leaves comparison. Notably, the structural genes of the major metabolite biosynthesis pathways, transcription factors, and other key DEGs were identified and comparatively analyzed between trichomes and leaves, while trichome-specific genes were also identified. Our results provide new insights into the differences between tea trichomes and leaves at the metabolic and transcriptomic levels, and open up new doors to further recognize and re-evaluate the role of trichomes in tea quality formation and tea plant growth and development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Integrative Transcriptomic and Metabolic Analyses Provide Insights into the Role of Trichomes in Tea Plant (Camellia Sinensis)

Cao

et al. 2020

Biomolecules

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“…All studies have in common that CRISPR/Cas9 has successfully been applied to insert a mutation in one or more genes for knockout (KO) of the poplar target gene. [53] knocked out all NST/SND orthologs and confirmed their central role in the secondary cell wall (SCW) formation in wood fibres, xylem ray parenchyma cells and phloem fibers in hybrid aspen. [50] discovered an epigenetic mechanism that modified anthocyanin biosynthesis in poplar.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In poplar, few studies on gene editing by CRISPR/Cas9 have been published in the last four to five years [22,23,30,50,51,52,53]. All studies have in common that CRISPR/Cas9 has successfully been applied to insert a mutation in one or more genes for knockout (KO) of the poplar target gene.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Efficiency of gRNAs in CRISPR/Cas9 Mediated Genome Editing in Poplars

Brügmann¹,

Deecke²,

Fladung³

2019

IJMS

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CRISPR/Cas9 has become one of the most promising techniques for genome editing in plants and works very well in poplars with an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system. We selected twelve genes, including SOC1, FUL, and their paralogous genes, four NFP-like genes and TOZ19 for three different research topics. The gRNAs were designed for editing, and, together with a constitutively expressed Cas9 nuclease, transferred either into the poplar hybrid Populus × canescens or into P. tremula. The regenerated lines showed different types of editing and revealed several homozygous editing events which are of special interest in perennial species because of limited back-cross ability. Through a time series, we could show that despite the constitutive expression of the Cas9 nuclease, no secondary editing of the target region occurred. Thus, constitutive Cas9 expression does not seem to pose any risk to additional editing events. Based on various criteria, we obtained evidence for a relationship between the structure of gRNA and the efficiency of gene editing. In particular, the GC content, purine residues in the gRNA end, and the free accessibility of the seed region seemed to be highly important for genome editing in poplars. Based on our findings on nine different poplar genes, efficient gRNAs can be designed for future efficient editing applications in poplars.

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“…The reduction of lignin content reflected lignin biosynthesis, which was suppressed in both vessels and fibres under the control of a CaMV 35S promoter ( 35S‐LS ), in fibres under the control by a fibre‐specific promoter ( F‐LS ), and in vessels under the control of a vessel‐specific promoter ( V‐LS ). In Populus , there is a higher proportion of xylem fibres than vessels in secondary xylem tissue (Takata et al , ); this could explain why suppression of lignin biosynthesis in fibres resulted in larger lignin reduction than that in vessels (Table ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fibre‐specific regulation of lignin biosynthesis improves biomass quality in Populus

et al. 2020

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Lignin is a major component of cell wall biomass and decisively affects biomass utilisation. Engineering of lignin biosynthesis is extensively studied, while lignin modification often causes growth defects.We developed a strategy for cell-type-specific modification of lignin to achieve improvements in cell wall property without growth penalty. We targeted a lignin-related transcription factor, LTF1, for modification of lignin biosynthesis. LTF1 can be engineered to a nonphosphorylation form which is introduced into Populus under the control of either a vessel-specific or fibre-specific promoter.The transgenics with lignin suppression in vessels showed severe dwarfism and thin-walled vessels, while the transgenics with lignin suppression in fibres displayed vigorous growth with normal vessels under phytotron, glasshouse and field conditions. In-depth lignin structural analyses revealed that such cell-type-specific downregulation of lignin biosynthesis led to the alteration of overall lignin composition in xylem tissues reflecting the population of distinctive lignin polymers produced in vessel and fibre cells.This study demonstrates that fibre-specific suppression of lignin biosynthesis resulted in the improvement of wood biomass quality and saccharification efficiency and presents an effective strategy to precisely regulate lignin biosynthesis with desired growth performance.

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Populus NST/SND orthologs are key regulators of secondary cell wall formation in wood fibers, phloem fibers and xylem ray parenchyma cells

Cited by 67 publications

References 33 publications

Integrative Transcriptomic and Metabolic Analyses Provide Insights into the Role of Trichomes in Tea Plant (Camellia Sinensis)

Integrative Transcriptomic and Metabolic Analyses Provide Insights into the Role of Trichomes in Tea Plant (Camellia Sinensis)

Evaluating the Efficiency of gRNAs in CRISPR/Cas9 Mediated Genome Editing in Poplars

Fibre‐specific regulation of lignin biosynthesis improves biomass quality in Populus

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