Porcine adipose-derived stem cells from buccal fat pad and subcutaneous adipose tissue for future preclinical studies in oral surgery

Abstract

IntroductionAdipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are progenitor cells used in bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Despite subcutaneous adipose tissue being more abundant, the buccal fat pad (BFP) is easily accessible for dentists and maxillofacial surgeons. For this reason, considering the need for preclinical study and the swine as an optimal animal model in tissue engineering applications, we compared the features of porcine ASCs (pASCs) from both tissue-harvesting sites.MethodsASCs were isolated from interscapular subcutaneous adipose tissue (ScI) and buccal fat pads of six swine. Cells were characterized for their stemness and multipotent features. Moreover, their osteogenic ability when cultured on titanium disks and silicon carbide-plasma-enhanced chemical vapor-deposition fragments, and their growth in the presence of autologous and heterologous serum were also assessed.ResultsIndependent of the harvesting site, no differences in proliferation, viability, and clonogenicity were observed among all the pASC populations. Furthermore, when induced toward osteogenic differentiation, both ScI- and BFP-pASCs showed an increase of collagen and calcified extracellular matrix (ECM) production, alkaline phosphatase activity, and osteonectin expression, indicating their ability to differentiate toward osteoblast-like cells. In addition, they differentiated toward adipocyte-like cells, and chondrogenic induced pASCs were able to increase glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) production over time. When cells were osteoinduced on synthetic biomaterials, they significantly increased the amount of calcified ECM compared with control cells; moreover, titanium showed the osteoinductive effect on pASCs, also without chemical stimuli. Finally, these cells grew nicely in 10% FBS, and no benefits were produced by substitution with swine serum.ConclusionsSwine buccal fat pad contains progenitor cells with mesenchymal features, and they also osteo-differentiate nicely in association with synthetic supports. We suggest that porcine BFP-ASCs may be applied in preclinical studies of periodontal and bone-defect regeneration.

Modulation of keratin in adhesion, proliferation, adipogenic, and osteogenic differentiation of porcine adipose‐derived stem cells

“…pASCs demonstrated an elongated, fibroblast‐like morphology on keratin coating, and adjacent cells arranged along the same direction. Similar fibroblastic appearance of pASCs was also found by other groups . Recently, Hartrianti et al compared the behaviors of human MSCs on keratin coating plates and TCPS .…”

“…Adipose tissues were harvested from subcutaneous interscapular sites and buccal fat pads from swine to isolate pASCs according to previous procedures . Experimental protocols and surgical procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of National Taiwan University.…”

Buccal Fat Pad as a Potential Source of Stem Cells for Bone Regeneration: A Literature Review

“…All studies derived stem cells from human volunteers except for a study by Niada et al, where BFPSCs were derived from swine and compared to SC-AdSCs [13]. Three of the 10 studies focused on BFP-DFAT cells [14–16].…”

Buccal fat pad‐derived stem cells with anorganic bovine bone mineral scaffold for augmentation of atrophic posterior mandible: An exploratory prospective clinical study

“…Cells were trypsinized using 0.25% trypsin‐EDTA (Life Technologies. Carlsbad, California) . All procedures intended for generating BFPSCs for autologous therapy were carried out in DMEM, containing 20% human autogenous serum, instead of xenogenic serum .…”