Porcine circovirus 2 in the North Eastern region of India: Disease prevalence and genetic variation among the isolates from areas of intensive pig rearing

Mukherjee, Priyanka; Karam, Amarjit; Barkalita, Luit Moni; Borah, Probodh; Chakraborty, A. K.; Das, Samir; Puro, K.; Sanjukta, Rajkumari; Ghatak, Sandeep; Shakuntala, I.; Laha, R.; Sharma, Indu

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.02.025

Cited by 20 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…All the four isolates were found to be closely related to the other PCV2d sequences. This coincides with a recent study which reports the circulation of PCV2d strains in Meghalaya (Mukherjee et al., ).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Management practices such as continuous pig flow, where young pigs are continuously being brought into the farm and the older animals are removed for the market, and mixing of pigs from multiple sources and age groups may contribute to the spread of disease. Recently, the high prevalence of PCV2 has been reported from the Meghalaya region of NER suggested its circulation in the pig population (Mukherjee et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, lack of diagnostic along with proper control measures adds in the hindrance to the development of pig husbandry. In the last 10 years, porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) infections emerged as a new threat to the pig population of NER (Bhattacharjee et al., ; Mukherjee et al., ). The postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) caused by novel strains of PCV2 has emerged as a major cause of piglet mortality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The emergence of porcine circovirus 2 infections in the Northeastern part of India: A retrospective study from 2011 to 2017

Barman

Nath

Kumar

et al. 2018

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Porcine circovirus (PCV) infection has emerged as an alarming threat to the pig population of India, especially in the Northeastern region (NER) over the last 10 years. The present study is a comprehensive report of the seroepidemiology of PCV2 and its incidences in the pig population from organized and unorganized farms of the entire NER of India from 2011 to 2017. A total of 5697 serum samples were screened by ELISA and the mean positivity of PCV2 antibodies in suspected sera was 31.27%. A total of 22 confirmed cases of PCV2 infection were recorded during the years 2014-2017. Seroprevalence of PCV2 infection in sows causing reproductive disorders in NER suggested its higher incidence in organized farms (65.7%) as compared to unorganized farms (17.6%). A detailed pathological and histopathological examination of the tissue samples collected from the affected animals indicated the presence of PCV2. Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of four PCV2 isolates depicted the circulation of PCV2d genotype in the states of Meghalaya and Assam.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The emergence of porcine circovirus 2 infections in the Northeastern part of India: A retrospective study from 2011 to 2017

Barman

Nath

Kumar

et al. 2018

Transbound Emerg Dis

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“…The PCV2 is considered as a major threat to the piggery sector in India (Mukherjee et al ). Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the PCV2 isolates based on the cap gene diversity among the strains in pig population of Meghalaya and Assam states of India revealed the isolates to be PCV2a, PCV2b‐1c and PCV2d genotypes (Barman et al ; Mukherjee et al ). Similar to earlier reports, the PCV2 reported in the present study was grouped with cluster PCV2d.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association ofMyroides odoratimimusin immunocompromized piglets with post weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome

Choudhary

Bera

et al. 2019

J Appl Microbiol

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Aim To study the association of opportunistic infection due to Myroides odoratimimus in piglets immunocompromised by porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection. Methods and Results The clinical samples (n = 101) were analysed bacteriologically. The isolates were identified by their phenotypes and MALDI TOF‐MS analysis as Myroides species. The phylogram constructed based on nucleotide sequences of the 16S rRNA gene showed identity (~99%) with the M. odoratimimus isolates. The minimum inhibitory concentration values for antibiotics revealed M. odoratimimus to be resistant against carbapenem, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones. The presence of PCV2 in affected tissue samples was confirmed by amplification of the 565 bp region of ORF2 of the PCV2 genome. The topology of the phylogenetic tree grouped the PCV2 with cluster—2d. Conclusions PCV2 being immunosuppressive in nature might have impaired the immunity thereby increasing the susceptibility of immunocompromised piglets to opportunistic pathogens such as M. odoratimimus leading to disease severity and high mortality. The M. odoratimimus isolates were found to be multidrug resistant and evidenced for uncertain clinical relevance and hence could act as hidden source of public health hazard. Significance and Impact of the Study Myroides odoratimimus is a rarely reported human pathogen. We reported the incidence of infection due to seemingly rare isolates of M. odoratimimus causing an outbreak of pneumonia in piglets. This appears, to the best of authors' knowledge, to be the first outbreak due to Myroides recorded in animal clinical cases described in the literature.

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“…Based on the ORF2 sequence, PCV2 has been divided into five subtypes, namely PCV2a, PCV2b, PCV2c, PCV2d and PCV2e [8], with PCV2b and PCV2d being the current dominant subtypes in China. However, it has been reported that there are new untitled PCV2 subtypes in India [9] and China [10]. PCV2, as the current classic strain, was found to be highly infectious.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment of a Rep′ protein antibody detection method to distinguish natural infection with PCV2 from subunit vaccine immunization

Chen

Jin

et al. 2020

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Introduction. PCV2 is a DNA virus that exists widely in pigs and has caused great economic losses to the pig industry worldwide. In the existing commercial PCV2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits both natural infection with PCV2 and vaccine immunization produce results that are positive for PCV2 Cap antibodies and therefore they cannot diagnose PCV2 infection in immunized pig farms. Aim. To establish a PCV2 non-structural protein antibody detection method that distinguishes between antibodies resulting from natural prior exposure (infection) and those induced by subunit vaccine immunization. Methodology. Based on the non-structural Rep′ protein, we established an indirect ELISA (iELISA) using sera from guinea pigs and piglets. Results. The results for iELISA for guinea pig serum showed that animals vaccinated with a whole-virus inactivated PCV2 vaccine had 100 % (10/10) Cap antibody positivity and 100 % (10/10) Rep′ antibody positivity. Guinea pigs vaccinated with a recombinant subunit PCV2 vaccine had 100 % (10/10) Cap antibody positivity, while no (0/10) guinea pigs were Rep′ antibody-positive. The combined detection results for the Rep′ iELISA and a PCV2 Antibody Test kit (Commercial) showed that pigs vaccinated with a whole-virus inactivated PCV2 vaccine or PCV2 SD/2017 had 100 % (5/5) Cap antibody positivity and 100 % (5/5) Rep′ antibody positivity. Pigs vaccinated with a recombinant subunit PCV2 vaccine had 100 % (5/5) Cap antibody positivity, while no (0/10) pigs were Rep′ antibody-positive. Conclusion. This paper describes an effective iELISA method that can distinguish natural infection with PCV2 (Cap and Rep positive) or inoculation with a whole-virus inactivated vaccine (Cap and Rep positive) from subunit vaccine immunization (Cap-positive, Rep-negative). These comparative assays could be very useful in the control of PCV2 in pig herds.

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Porcine circovirus 2 in the North Eastern region of India: Disease prevalence and genetic variation among the isolates from areas of intensive pig rearing

Cited by 20 publications

References 21 publications

The emergence of porcine circovirus 2 infections in the Northeastern part of India: A retrospective study from 2011 to 2017

The emergence of porcine circovirus 2 infections in the Northeastern part of India: A retrospective study from 2011 to 2017

Association ofMyroides odoratimimusin immunocompromized piglets with post weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome

Establishment of a Rep′ protein antibody detection method to distinguish natural infection with PCV2 from subunit vaccine immunization

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