Porcine Models of Cutaneous Wound Healing

Seaton, Max; Hocking, Anne M.; Gibran, Nicole S.

doi:10.1093/ilar/ilv016

Cited by 188 publications

(210 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…This is because the major mechanism of wound closure is contraction, whereas in humans re-epithelialization and granulation tissue formation are the main means of healing (6,7). In addition, the porcine cutaneous wound healing model is frequently used as a model for human cutaneous wound healing (8). This is because anatomically and physiologically, pig skin is more similar to human skin (9).…”

Section: Animal Models Of Wound Healingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Models of wound healing: an emphasis on clinical studies

Wilhelm

Wilhelm²,

Bielfeldt³

2016

Skin Research and Technology

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Background: The healing of wounds has always provided challenges for the medical community whether chronic or acute. Understanding the processes which enable wounds to heal is primarily carried out by the use of models, in vitro, animal and human. It is generally accepted that the use of human models offers the best opportunity to understand the factors that influence wound healing as well as to evaluate efficacy of treatments applied to wounds. Objectives: The objective of this article is to provide an overview of the different methodologies that are currently used to experimentally induce wounds of various depths in human volunteers and examines the information that may be gained from them. Methods: There is a number of human volunteer healing models available varying in their invasiveness to reflect the different possible depth levels of wounds.Results: Currently available wound healing models include sequential tape stripping, suction blister, abrasion, laser, dermatome, and biopsy techniques. The various techniques can be utilized to induce wounds of variable depth, from removing solely the stratum corneum barrier, the epidermis to even splitthickness or full thickness wounds. Conclusion: Depending on the study objective, a number of models exist to study wound healing in humans. These models provide efficient and reliable results to evaluate treatment modalities. I N VITRO studies and animal models have provided useful information for many breakthroughs and medical advances. However, these are not always appropriate and in many cases are inadequate for discovering the actual pathology responsible. While animal models are suitable for many skin disorders and diseases, they do have their limitations when wound healing is being investigated. The complex biological pathway that occurs during wound healing is not always mirrored in animal models and human models need to be considered. In the case of chronic wound pathology, human models are not always good predictors but they do provide a good understanding of acute wound pathology. Because of the difficulty in obtaining suitable volunteers with chronic wounds and incorporating them into a study, human acute wound models provide the best opportunity to understand the wound healing process and the performance of different products that assist and promote wound healing. This paper evaluates the different wound healing models and discusses the potential for these models to be suitable predictors of wound healing.

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Section: Animal Models Of Wound Healingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Models of wound healing: an emphasis on clinical studies

Wilhelm

Wilhelm²,

Bielfeldt³

2016

Skin Research and Technology

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“…Porcine models are widely considered to be the gold standard for cutaneous wound healing studies due to structural and healing similarities to human skin [16–20]. As such, a large number of studies utilize pigs to examine wound healing to show, for example, that significant anatomic variability in the rates of wound healing exist [21], which is also affected by age [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initial Characterization of the Pig Skin Bacteriome and Its Effect on In Vitro Models of Wound Healing

et al. 2016

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Elucidating the roles and composition of the human skin microbiome has revealed a delicate interplay between resident microbes and wound healing. Evolutionarily speaking, normal cutaneous flora likely has been selected for because it potentiates or, at minimum, does not impede wound healing. While pigs are the gold standard model for wound healing studies, the porcine skin microbiome has not been studied in detail. Herein, we performed 16S rDNA sequencing to characterize the pig skin bacteriome at several anatomical locations. Additionally, we used bacterial conditioned-media with in vitro techniques to examine the paracrine effects of bacterial-derived proteins on human keratinocytes (NHEK) and fibroblasts (NHDF). We found that at the phyla level, the pig skin bacteriome is similar to that of humans and largely consists of Firmicutes (55.6%), Bacteroidetes (20.8%), Actinobacteria (13.3%), and Proteobacteria (5.1%) however species-level differences between anatomical locations exist. Studies of bacterial supernatant revealed location-dependent effects on NHDF migration and NHEK apoptosis and growth factor release. These results expand the limited knowledge of the cutaneous bacteriome of healthy swine, and suggest that naturally occurring bacterial flora affects wound healing differentially depending on anatomical location. Ultimately, the pig might be considered the best surrogate for not only wound healing studies but also the cutaneous microbiome. This would not only facilitate investigations into the microbiome’s role in recovery from injury, but also provide microbial targets for enhancing or accelerating wound healing.

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“…In recent years, their use in translational research has significantly expanded due to the development of genetically modified and experimentally-induced pig models of human disease. These include cystic fibrosis 19–21 , muscular dystrophy 22 , diabetes 23 , cardiovascular disease 24,2526 , diabetes 27 , cancer 28,29 , environmental toxicology 30 , cutaneous wound healing 31 , metabolic syndrome 32 , among others. Porcine models have also been used to investigate traumatic brain injury 3 , neurodegenerative diseases 33,34 , brain development 35 , seizures 36 , cognition 37 , and neurogenesis 38 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple and reproducible approaches for the collection of select porcine ganglia

Meyerholz

Reznikov

2017

Journal of Neuroscience Methods

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Background The anatomy and physiology of the pig nervous system is more similar to humans compared to traditional rodent models. This makes the pig an attractive model to answer questions relating to human health and disease. Yet the technical and molecular tools available to pig researchers are limited compared to rodent researchers New Method We developed simple and rapid methods to isolate the trigeminal, nodose (distal vagal), and dorsal root ganglia from neonatal pigs. We selected these ganglia due to their broad applicability to basic science researchers and clinicians Results Use of these methods resulted in reproducible isolation of all three types of ganglia as validated by histological examination. Comparison with Existing Method(s) There are currently no methods that describe a step-by-step protocol to isolate these porcine ganglia. Conclusions In conclusion, these methods for ganglia collection will facilitate and accelerate future neuroscience investigations in pig models of human disease.

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Porcine Models of Cutaneous Wound Healing

Cited by 188 publications

References 111 publications

Models of wound healing: an emphasis on clinical studies

Models of wound healing: an emphasis on clinical studies

Initial Characterization of the Pig Skin Bacteriome and Its Effect on In Vitro Models of Wound Healing

Simple and reproducible approaches for the collection of select porcine ganglia

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