Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus induces concurrent elevation of High Mobility Group Box-1 protein and pro-inflammatory cytokines in experimentally infected piglets

Senthilkumar, Dhanapal; Rajukumar, K.; Kumar, Manoj; Kalaiyarasu, Semmannan; Shrivastava, Deepali; Katare, M.; Kulkarni, D. D.; Singh, Vijendra Pal

doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2018.06.002

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Lung cell damage caused by IAV infection and inflammation releases a large amount of HMGB-1 [11,65]. As a kind of DAMP, high level of HMGB-1 expression in lung leads to continuous activation of TLR4 signaling pathway and stimulates the inflammatory cells to continuously release cytokines, chemokines, as well as inducible nitric oxide, which accumulate in the injured lung tissue and further aggravate the tissue damage [66,67].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the host is infected, the virus can induce a series of signaling cascades to their own benefit, such as toll-like receptors (TLRs) and other signaling pathways [10]. As we all know, pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP), as well as damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) activate antigen-presenting cells through TLRs to initiate immune responses [11]. DAMPs such as high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB-1) are released early from the infected host cells in the extracellular medium in response to viral stimuli.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Beneficial effect of Indigo Naturalis on acute lung injury induced by influenza A virus

Tian

et al. 2020

Chin Med

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Background Infections induced by influenza viruses, as well as coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic induced by severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) led to acute lung injury (ALI) and multi organ failure, during which traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) played an important role in treatment of the pandemic. The study aimed to investigate the effect of Indigo Naturalis on ALI induced by influenza A virus (IAV) in mice. Method The anti-influenza and anti-inflammatory properties of aqueous extract of Indigo Naturalis (INAE) were evaluated in vitro. BALB/c mice inoculated intranasally with IAV (H1N1) were treated intragastrically with INAE (40, 80 and 160 mg/kg/day) 2 h later for 4 or 7 days. Animal lifespan and mortality were recorded. Expression of high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB-1) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) were evaluated through immunohistological staining. Inflammatory cytokines were also monitored by ELISA. Result INAE inhibited virus replication on Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells and decreased nitric oxide (NO) production from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated peritoneal macrophages in vitro. The results showed that oral administration of 160 mg/kg of INAE significantly improved the lifespan (P < 0.01) and survival rate of IAV infected mice, improved lung injury and lowered viral replication in lung tissue (P < 0.01). Treatment with INAE (40, 80 and 160 mg/kg) significantly increased liver weight and liver index (P < 0.05), as well as weight and organ index of thymus and spleen at 160 mg/kg (P < 0.05). Serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were reduced by INAE administration (P < 0.05). The expression of HMGB-1 and TLR4 in lung tissue were also suppressed. The increased production of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and methylene dioxyamphetamine (MDA) in lung tissue were inhibited by INAE treatment (P < 0.05). Treatment with INAE reduced the high levels of interferon α (IFN-α), interferon β (IFN-β), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted factor (RANTES), interferon induced protein-10 (IP-10), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (P < 0.05), with increased production of interferon γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) (P < 0.05). Conclusion The results showed that INAE alleviated IAV induced ALI in mice. The mechanisms of INAE were associated with its anti-influenza, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidation properties. Indigo Naturalis might have clinical potential to treat ALI induced by IAV.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial effect of Indigo Naturalis on acute lung injury induced by influenza A virus

Tian

et al. 2020

Chin Med

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show abstract

“…Lung cell damage caused by IAV infection and in ammation releases a large amount of HMGB-1 [11,65]. As a kind of DAMP, high level of HMGB-1 expression in lung leads to continuous activation of TLR4 signaling pathway and stimulates the in ammatory cells to continuously release cytokines, chemokines, as well as inducible nitric oxide, which accumulate in the injured lung tissue and further aggravate the tissue damage [66,67].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the host is infected, the virus can induce a series of signaling cascades to their own bene t, such as toll-like receptors (TLRs) and other signaling pathways [10]. As we all know, pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP), as well as damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) activate antigen-presenting cells through TLRs to initiate immune responses [11]. DAMPs such as high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB-1) are released early from the infected host cells in the extracellular medium in response to viral stimuli.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial effect of Indigo Naturalis on acute lung injury induced by influenza A virus

Tian

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Infections induced by influenza viruses, as well as coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic induced by severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) led to acute lung injury (ALI) and multi organ failure, during which traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) played an important role in treatment of the pandemic. The study aimed to investigate the effect of Indigo Naturalis on ALI induced by influenza A virus (IAV) in mice.Method: The anti-influenza and anti-inflammatory properties of aqueous extract of Indigo Naturalis (INAE) were evaluated in vitro. BALB/c mice inoculated intranasally with IAV (H1N1) were treated intragastrically with INAE (40, 80 and 160 mg·kg-1/d) 2 h later for 4 or 7 days. Animal lifespan and mortality were recorded. Expression of high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB-1) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) were evaluated through immunohistological staining. Inflammatory cytokines were also monitored by ELISA.Result: INAE inhibited virus replication on Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells and decreased nitric oxide (NO) production from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated peritoneal macrophages in vitro. The results showed that oral administration of 160 mg/kg of INAE significantly improved the lifespan (P < 0.01) and survival rate of IAV infected mice, improved lung injury and lowered viral replication in lung tissue (P < 0.01). Treatment with INAE (40, 80 and 160 mg/kg) significantly increased liver weight and liver index (P < 0.05), as well as weight and organ index of thymus and spleen at 160 mg/kg (P < 0.05). Serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were reduced by INAE administration (P < 0.05). The expression of HMGB-1 and TLR4 in lung tissue were also suppressed. The increased production of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and methylene dioxyamphetamine (MDA) in lung tissue were inhibited by INAE treatment (P < 0.05). Treatment with INAE reduced the high levels of interferon α (IFN-α), interferon β (IFN-β), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted factor (RANTES), interferon induced protein-10 (IP-10), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (P < 0.05), with increased production of interferon γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) (P < 0.05).Conclusion: The results showed that INAE alleviated IAV induced ALI in mice. The mechanisms of INAE were associated with its anti-influenza, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidation properties. Indigo Naturalis might have clinical potential to treat ALI induced by IAV.

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“…Since its first occurrence in 1987 in North America and 1991 in Europe, the disease has spread to Southeast Asian countries [16] and was introduced to India in 2013 in Mizoram [29]. The emergence of highly pathogenic strain and its rapid spread in Asian countries become a major concern in pig husbandry practice in this region as diseased animals exhibit severe respiratory distress, pneumonia, and a series of reproductive disorders in sows, like late-term abortion, premature farrowing, an increased number of stillborn piglets including high mortality by highly pathogenic strains [1][2][3][32][33][34]. The disease is caused by Betaarterivirus suid 1 (European type) and Betaarterivirus suid 2 (North American type) of the subgenus Eurpobartevirus and Ampobartevirus respectively under the genus Betaarterivirus of the subfamily Variarterivirinae of the family Arteriviridae in the order Nidovirales.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and molecular characterization of GP5 glycoprotein gene of Betaarterivirus suid 2 from Mizoram, India

Akter¹,

Roychoudhury²,

Dutta³

et al. 2021

VirusDis.

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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus induces concurrent elevation of High Mobility Group Box-1 protein and pro-inflammatory cytokines in experimentally infected piglets

Cited by 20 publications

References 79 publications

Beneficial effect of Indigo Naturalis on acute lung injury induced by influenza A virus

Beneficial effect of Indigo Naturalis on acute lung injury induced by influenza A virus

Beneficial effect of Indigo Naturalis on acute lung injury induced by influenza A virus

Isolation and molecular characterization of GP5 glycoprotein gene of Betaarterivirus suid 2 from Mizoram, India

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