Pore Structure Engineered Catalysts for Hydrocracking Heavy Feeds

Sekhar, M.V.C.

doi:10.1016/s0167-2991(09)60671-6

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Mesoporous alumina is a rigid porous material with a mutually interconnected or isolated network structure which has not only the characteristics of a crystalline phase of alumina but also the characteristics of a porous material [27]. Catalysts having pores between 7 and 20 nm diameter showed higher activities than those catalysts having pores between 3 and 7 nm which was reported for hydrocracking of Athabasca oil sand bitumen [28]. In order to retain the mechanical strength, stability, and accessibility to large asphaltene agglomerates of the catalyst during heavy residue hydrocracking reaction, the multimodal porous structures or hierarchical pore system is developed in hydrocracking catalyst.…”

Section: Support Materials Porosity and Pore Size Distributionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Catalysts for Hydroprocessing of Heavy Oils and Petroleum Residues

Tye¹

2019

Processing of Heavy Crude Oils - Challenges and Opportunities

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With the increasing demand of petroleum-derived products due to the world population and development, upgrading of crude oil with heavier quality and petroleum residues is unavoidable. Hydroprocessing is a preferable process for heavy oil upgrading. The process is operated with the presence of a catalyst, and catalysis plays an important role in the process. An overview regarding the catalyst design such as the catalyst active metal, active phase, support properties, and catalyst structure for heavy oil hydroprocessing is provided. There also include some recent advancements related to catalytic hydroprocessing of heavy oils and residue processes. Further catalyst performance improvement will likely come from catalyst optimization and better catalyst deactivation resistance resulting from metal poisoning and coke formation.

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Section: Support Materials Porosity and Pore Size Distributionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Catalysts for Hydroprocessing of Heavy Oils and Petroleum Residues

Tye¹

2019

Processing of Heavy Crude Oils - Challenges and Opportunities

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“…By adjusting the conditions used to prepare the alumina it was possible to increase the volume and total surface area in the mesopores (20 nm > d p > 2 nm), that is, those pores that have a suitable diameter for the diffusion of vacuum residue molecules. This resulted in greater heavy oil conversions. , Unfortunately, the alumina preparation conditions that resulted in suitable mesopore surface areas did not produce a large enough volume fraction of macropores that would assist diffusion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Product Fractions Obtained by Hydrocracking Vacuum Residue from Athabasca Bitumen Using Bimodal Catalysts of Varying Macropore Volume

Ternan

1998

Energy Fuels

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Residue hydrocracking catalysts containing 0%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% of a nonconventional alumina component that has very large (0.1−100 μm) macropores (MAP) were prepared. Their performance was compared with a commercial bimodal catalyst that was used as a standard. When compared to the standard reference catalyst and the other MAP catalysts, the 15% macropore (MAP) alumina catalysts produced greater +525 °C conversion, greater yields of distillates, and greater total product HDS, HDN, HDM, and MCR conversions. The +525 °C conversions of several MAP catalysts exceeded that obtained in a thermal experiment without a catalyst. This indicates that the properties of a residue hydrocracking catalyst can enhance conversions beyond that obtained by thermal reactions alone. All of these effects were correlated with the mesopore surface area of the used catalysts. This was the surface area of the catalyst in its working state which was contained in pores large enough for residue molecules to enter. For the cracking reaction (+525 °C conversion) the presence of macropores in the catalyst diminished the influence of diffusion, so that the MAP catalyst results correlated with surface area. For the hydrogenation reaction (H/C ratio) the MAP catalyst results also correlated with surface area. However, catalysts with micropores produced larger H/C ratios. Hydrogen, dissociated in the micropores, may have reacted with small hydrogen transfer molecules (naphthalene − tetralin) which may have transferred the hydrogen to residue molecules outside of the micropores. The additional hydrogenation in micropores may have compensated for diffusional restrictions. For the MAP catalysts, the other reactions HDS, HDM, and MCR conversion, showed the same trends as the H/C ratio, suggesting that hydrogenation was the rate-limiting step for these reactions.

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